Whose taints are completely removed, who is not attached to food,
whose sphere is the void emancipation without attributes -
his course is difficult to find out - like the path of the birds in the sky.

yassa            āsavā  parikkhīṇā   āhāre    ca    anissito
|                        |             |              |         |          |
Rel.Pron.m.    N.m.     Adj.m.      N.m.  conj.   Adj.m.
Gen.Sg.        Nom.Pl.  Nom.Pl.  Loc.Sg.   |      Nom.Sg.
|_____________|              |              |_____|_____|
           |_______________|                   |__|
                         |___________________|___________________________

List of Abbreviations

suññato  animitto   ca  vimokkho     yassa       gocaro
|                  |          |          |                 |               |
Adj.m.     Adj.m.  conj.   N.m.    Rel.Pron.m.    N.m.
Nom.Sg. Nom.Sg.   |     Nom.Sg.    Gen.Sg.     Nom.Sg.
|__________|          |          |                 |________|
         |___________|          |                        |
                   |___________|                         |
                              |___________________|
__________________________|
                     |____________________________________________________

List of Abbreviations

ākāse    va sakuntānaṃ padaṃ     tassa  durannayā
|              |         |             |               |             |
N.m.    part.   N.m.       N.n.      Pron.m.   Adj.f.
Loc.Sg.   |    Gen.Pl.   Nom.Sg.  Gen.Sg.  Nom.Sg.
|________|_____|             |_______|             |
         |___|                             |___________|
            |_______________________|
__________________|

yassa: yat-, Rel.Pron.: that, which. Gen.Sg.m. = yassa (whose).

āsavā: āsava-, N.m.: taint, corruption. Nom.Pl. = āsavā.

parikkhīṇā: parikkhīṇa-, Adj.: completely removed, destroyed. It is a p.p. of the verb root khī- (to remove, to destroy) with the prefix pari- (all around, completely). Nom.Pl.m. = parikkhīṇā.

āhāre: āhāra-, N.m.: food, nutriment. Loc.Sg. = āhāre.

ca, conj.: and.

List of Abbreviations

anissito: anissita-, Adj.: not attached. It is the word nissita-, Adj.: hanging on, attached to (this word is a p.p. of the verb si-, to lean on, with the prefix ni-, down), negated by the negative prefix a-. Nom.Sg.m. = anissito.

suññato: suññata-, Adj.: void, empty. Nom.Sg.m. = suññato.

animitto: animitta-, Adj.: without attributes. It is the word nimitta-, N.n.: mark, attribute, characteristic, negated by the negative prefix a-. Nom.Sg.m. = animitto.

List of Abbreviations

ca, conj.: and.

vimokkho: vimokkha-, N.m.: emancipation, freedom, release. It is derived from the verb root muc- (to release) with the prefix vi- (separation). Nom.Sg. = vimokkho.

yassa: see above.

gocaro: gocara-, N.m.: pasture, sphere. A compound of:
    go-, N.m.: cow
    cara-, N.m.: going, walking. It is derived from the verb car- (to walk, to roam).
Nom.Sg. = gocaro.

ākāse: ākāsa-, N.m.: air, sky, space. Loc.Sg. = ākāse.

List of Abbreviations

va, part.: as, like.

sakuntānaṃ: sakunta-, N.m.: bird. Gen.Pl. = sakuntānaṃ.

padaṃ: pada-, N.n.: track, course. Nom.Sg. = padaṃ.

tassa: tad-, Pron.: that. Gen.Sg.m. = tassa.

durannayā: durannaya-, Adj.: hard to find out. It is the word annaya- (or anvaya-), Adj.: logical conclusion, with the prefix dur- (difficult). Nom.Sg.f. = durannayā.

List of Abbreviations

    This verse consists of two paratactic sentences. They are:
    1) yassāsavā parikkhīṇā āhāre ca anissito suññato animitto ca vimokkho yassa gocaro (whose taints are completely removed, who is not attached to food, whose sphere is the void emancipation without attributes). This can be further subdivided into three parts:
    a) yassāsavā parikkhīṇā (whose taints are completely removed). The subject is the word āsavā (taints, nominative plural). It has an attribute, the relative pronoun yassa (whose, genitive singular). The object is the past participle parikkhīṇā (completely removed, nominative plural). The verb is omitted, implying the verb "to be".
    b) āhāre ca anissito (who is not attached to food). The subject is omitted, the relative pronoun yo (who) is implied. It has an attribute, the past participle anissito (not attached, nominative singular). This word has an attribute, the noun āhāre (to food, locative singular). The conjunction ca connects this sentence to the previous one. The verb is omitted, implying the verb "to be".
    c) suññato animitto ca vimokkho yassa gocaro (whose sphere is the void emancipation without attributes). The subject is the noun gocaro (sphere, nominative singular). It has an attribute, the relative pronoun yassa (whose, genitive singular). The object is the noun vimokkho (emancipation, nominative singular). It has two attributes, adjectives suññato (empty, void; nominative singular) and animitto (without attributes, nominative singular). They are connected by the conjunction ca (and).
    2) ākāse va sakuntānaṃ padaṃ tassa durannayā (their course is difficult to find out - like the course of the birds in the sky). The subject is the noun padaṃ (track, path; nominative singular). It has an attribute, the pronoun tassa (their, genitive singular). The object is the adjective durannayā (difficult to find, nominative singular). There is a clause, ākāse va sakuntānaṃ (like [the course] of the birds in the sky). The word sakuntānaṃ (of the birds, genitive plural) forms and attribute to the subject of the main sentence (gati). The noun ākāse (in the sky) is an attribute to the word sakuntānaṃ. The particle va (as, like) connects the clause to the main sentence).

    Venerable Anuruddha was once looking for discarded pieces of cloth in order to make himself a new robe. His wife Jālini from a previous existence, who was now a god, saw him. She brought three pieces of a very good material and put them on the rubbish heap. Venerable Anuruddha found them and took them back to the monastery to make his robe.
    The Buddha and other senior disciples then arrived to the monastery and they also helped him to make the robe. Jālini then urged the villagers to bring lots of delicious food to the monastery, so there was more than enough for everyone. Some monks remarked that Anuruddha wanted to show off that he had many devotees, so he made them to bring so much good food. The Buddha overheard these conversations and said that Anuruddha did not ask anyone for anything. Arahants do not ask for food or clothes. They have removed their taints and are free and without attachments. Traditionally, the four taints (āsava) are mentioned in the texts: sense desire (kāma), desiring eternal existence (bhava), wrong views (diṭṭhi) and ignorance (avijjā).

Sentence pronunciation

Word pronunciation:

yassa
āsavā
parikkhīṇā
āhāre
ca
anissito
suññato
animitto
vimokkho
gocaro
ākāse
va
sakuntānaṃ
padaṃ
tassa
durannayaṃ