文化「涵化」（Acculturation）指涉的是兩種文化或兩個社會的接觸，產生的文化融合與調適現象，在族群遷移過程中，是相當普遍的。而「宗教」(religion) 在族群遷移中扮演極重要的角色，許多移民為了精神寄託，祈求自己所信仰宗教的「神祇」，作為平安護佑，因此，宗教信仰隨著移民而進入新地區、新環境，與另一社會文化發生涵化現象，是移民社會常見的事。本文以閩、粵地區移入台灣的族群與宗教信仰為例，透過作者實際田野經驗的考察，論述定光古佛、慚愧祖師、三山國王、義民信仰等，若干遷移與涵化的情形。 Cultural acculturation, which is widespread during ethnic migration, refers to cultural fusion and adaptation resulting from the contact between different cultures or societies. In the process of ethnic migration, religions have always been playing significant roles. Immigrants pray to their god(s) for physical protection and spiritual tranquility. Based on the author’s field investigation, the paper highlights the ethnic and religious beliefs of Chinese immigrants from Guangdong and Fujian provinces to Taiwan. Selected examples, such as Ding Quang Gu Fo and Sanshan King, are presented to illustrate the argument.
