觀呼吸是從原始佛教開始就有的修行方法，有時候佛陀單獨說明這個方法，但本文處理的是佛陀在《長部‧大念處經》的經文脈絡中所講說的觀呼吸法門。另外，後代《瑜珈師地論》也提到這個方法，但與〈大念處經〉的修行功夫有什麼異同之處，故有一併探討的必要。當代的學術研究成果中，有不少研究《阿含經》阿那般那念的作品，但至今為止，尚無人針對《長部‧大念處經》與《瑜珈師地論》的阿那般那念作比較研究的，故本文起了一個帶頭的作用。在正式進入兩者的比較前，先考察一下阿那般那念的字義，分別了解梵文與巴利文的原字。接下來從歷史的角度探察此修行法在印度與中國各別的起源。《瑜珈師地論》出現數息法，這是在佛陀時代所沒有的方法，為什麼會有如此的演進，本文也作了若干考察。 Observing breath was a practice way in Early Buddhism, sometimes Buddha explained the way singly. But this paper deals with the way of observing breath taught by Buddha from the context of “Mahasatipatthana Sutta” in Digha-nikaya. Moreover, later Yogacarabhumi alos mentioned the way, but what is the difference on practice way between it and “Mahasatipatthana Sutta”? It is necessary to discuss together. There are some works about anapana-smrti of Agama in contemporary academic researches, but up to now no one focuses on anapana-smrti to compare “Mahasatipatthana Sutta” in Digha-nikaya with Yogacarabhumi. So this paper has a lead function. Before comparing, we investigate the meaning of anapana-smrti first, separately to understand the original word in Sanskrit and Pali. Next step is to explore the origin of this practice way separately between India and China from historical angle. The practice of counting breath was appeared in Yogacarabhumi, the way didn’t exist in Buddha’s era. Why did it develop and change? This paper also takes some research.
