근대 낭만주의 시에 나타난 정토(淨土) 이미지 연구=A research of Pure Land image shown in the poetry of modern Romanticism-centered on the nature images of Baekjo associates’ poem
정토 이미지=Pure Land Image; 근대 낭만주의=Modern Romanticism; 『백조』동인=『Baekjo』associates; 생명=life; 조국=Motherland; 식민지=colony; 회향의식=nostalgic unconsciousness; 달=moon; 자기정체성=self-identify; 노래속의 나라=country in their song
摘要
In this paper, I demonstrated that poets of Baekjo associates in 1920s had induced various poetic images, mingling with the Buddhistic imagination that had long been the soil of the Korean culture, in the course of seeking a literary way out at that time under the grand premise of Romanticism, ‘Return to nature.' The religious sensibility stretches over their poems. Which is seen to have been derived from the attitude of securing and sustaining the 'lost country' within the confines of literature, from the shutout of the times when there was no other means of seeking for succor than in literature, and by defining them as artists for Art's sake more than anything else. All through the paper, it is demonstrated that the meanings of this religious susceptibility is grasped centered on their viewpoint of life, much part of which is related to speculation of Pure Land and nationalistic consciousness. The romantic recognition that literature is the expression of natural emotion and the self-awakening on the stream of modern literature that the rhetoric realization is the literary characteristic, both, are the two core factors that form the aesthetic of Baekjo colleagues. Though their poetic feeling flew out from Romanticism that has a deep affinity with Buddhistic cogitation, what solidified it was, however, the aesthetic consciousness and rhetoric The area where the aesthetic consciousness of Baekjo associates is most convergently expressed is that in which life is established as the pivotal factor. Which is founded with the various discussions in the process that Romanticism is set rightly up in the literary soil of Korea as the modern current. What lies especially meaningful in the research is their peculiar approach toward nature. Their Motherland is cautiously hidden in their poems as the shelter of Korean race who were suffered. It can be understood that what they sang the beauty of the mountains and rivers of their own land is caused by what Romanticism as the modern flow was deeply taken in and furthered, but more ultimately, it was confirmed as the product from the uniquely historical experience of colonization and the critical awareness in modern times of obliterating lives. At this point, their poetry shows a more unique standpoint surpassing nature as the reflection of romantic idea, which was scrutinized in association with “the Pure Land” in Buddhism. The romantic Utopia of Baekjo poets contains a characteristic notion of “the Pure Land” that dream and reality fuses into one, under the suppression of colonization in which a conflict should arise with the contradiction of modernity. The symbol of the moon which is variously described in their poems symbolizes not only the metaphor that simply reveals the romantic sensibility, but that chosen in the insight of times toward modernity representing that of the sun. And all this forms a juncture with the Buddhistic sentiment, and soar out, riding the crest of waves of the times entangled like a whirlwind by, both, the progressive optimism symbolized by the sun and nostalgic unconsciousness by the moon. The aesthetic cogitation that is researched in this paper, in relation to the ideas of Pure Land aims to the restoration of self-identity erased in the misconstrue history so-called the control under colonization, and heads more for the life founding the Buddhistic reasoning. This has something to do with the instinctively responsive battling with the humane value against the rationalistic value of sterile modernity and was born from the interwinding of self-aspiring to construct the modern literature, simultaneously. The literature to the associates of Baekjo was the “country in their song” which they could find to return in one piece. What swung open-widely the gateway of the nation was the ideology so-named Romanticism, and the native sensitivity like Buddhism intervenes into it productively. The Buddhistic emotions being soaked in all parts of their poems
