正念靜坐對國小學童放鬆力和專注力之影響=A Study on the Effects of Mindfulness Meditation on Promoting the Capability of Relaxation and Sustained Attention of Elementary School Children
The purposes of this research were to study the influences of mindfulness meditation on the fourth grade elementary school students to promote the capability of relaxation and sustained attention.This study was constructed on a pretest-posttest quasi-experimental research design , with 4th grade students as subjects. The study was divided into three parts, respectively, in three different semesters. Each semester consisted of two classes withone class as the experimental group, another class as the control group. The first part of the experiment (n=25 in the experimental group, n=26 in control group) explored the effects of anapanasati meditation on promoting the capability of relaxation; the second part of the experiment (n=25 in the experimental group, n=27 in control group) explored the effects of vipassana meditation on promoting the capability of relaxation under the stress situation of exams; the third part of the experiment (n=26 in the experimental group, n=25 in control group) explored the effects of mindfulness meditationon on promoting the capability of sustained attention. The experiment groups practiced mindfulness meditation conducted by the researcher 5 minutes per day, 5 days per week, and the total practicing period was 3 months, while the control groups didn’t practice mindfulness meditation. In the first and second parts of the experiments, the “2009 Daily Care Biomedical Inc Check My Heart” was used as the instruments to measure the subjects’ heart rate variability (HRV) indices（SDNN、HF、LF、TP、HR）before and after the intervention, using two-way RMANCOVA to analyze the data collected. In the third part of the experiment a “Multidimensional Attention Test” was conducted to measure the the subjects’ capability of sustained attention before and after the intervention, using one-way ANCOVA to analyze the data collected. The results of this study were as follows: 1. The students in the experiment groups performed better on relaxation and total scores of HRV than those in the control group. Mindfulness meditation training seemed to help the elementary school students enhance the capability of relaxation. 2. Twelve weeks after accomplishing the curriculum of mindfulness meditation, the subjects in the experiment groups still had better performance in the capability of relaxation than those in the control groups. 3. After mindfulness meditation training, the students had significantly higher scores in Multidimensional Attention Test than those who did not participate the mindfulness meditation training. Meditation seemed to help the elementary school students enhance the sustained attention ofstudents. The results and application of mindfulness meditation curriculum on promoting the capability of relaxation and sustained attention for future research were proposed accordingly.
