Lesson 14


Declension of the feminine i-stems and u-stems:

The declension of the feminine i-stems and u-stems is identical (only -i- alternating with -u- and -y- with -v-). The dative, ablative, genitive and locative cases can sometimes take the forms of "i-stems".

 

mati- (f., idea):
 

Sg. Du. Pl.
Nom. matih mati matayah
Acc. matim mati matih
Ins. matya matibhyam matibhih
Dat. mataye|matyai matibhyam matibhyah
Abl. mateh|matyah matibhyaj matibhyah
Gen. mateh|matyah matyoh matinam
Loc. matau|matyam matyoh matisu
Voc. mate mati matayah


dhenu- (f., cow):
 

Sg. Du. Pl.
Nom. dhenuh dhenu dhenavah
Acc. dhenum dhenu dhenavah
Ins. dhenva dhenubhyam dhenubhih
Dat. dhenave|dhenvai dhenubhyam dhenubhyah
Abl. dhenoh|dhenvah dhenubhyam dhenubhyah
Gen. dhenoh|dhenvah dhenvoh dhenunam
Loc. dhenau|dhenvam dhenvoh dhenusu
Voc. dheno dhenu dhenavah


Feminine forms of masculine adjectives ending in -u are created by adding a suffix -vi: prthu-, f. prthvi- (broad); guru-, f. gurvi- (serious, heavy); bahu-, f. bahvi- (abundant, many).


Text (read and translate):

 

1. wantyarsaya iha wobhante |

2. wrutau bahvisu smrtisu ca dharma upadiwyate |

3. ratryaj svapnaj na labhamahe |

4. bahvij kirtij dhrtyavindannrpatih |

5. punyena muktij labhadhve |

6. bahunisunrane 'risvaksipannrpatih |

7. pauranaj kalaho 'dya prabhavat |

8. nrpaterbuddhya ksatriyanaj kalaho 'wamyat |

9. wudranaj jatayo nica ganyante |

10. dvijatinaj jatisu brahmana mukhyah |

11. dharmo bhutyai kalpate |

12. jatya ksatriyau vartethe |

13. bhumerbhagaj brahmanayayacchatparthivah |

14. awva awramyanbhumavapatajwca |

15. ratrau steno niragacchaddhanamacorayacca |

16. maksika vranamicchanti dhanamicchanti parthivah |
nicah kalahamicchanti wantamicchanti sadhavah ||


The exercise key


Translate to Sanskrit:

 

1. Vishnu is satisfied with devotion of holy women.

2. People of many castes lived in villages.

3. Cowherds protected cows in the forest.

4. I worship Shiva for prosperity.

5. Rama shines amongst boys by wisdom and courage.

6. At the end of the forest was ("flowed") a broad river.

7. "By the power of wisdom you overcome enemies," said a citizen to the king.

8. It is said ("heard") that wealth of the country is in the people not in the things.


The exercise key


Vocabulary:

 

klp-, kalpate (I): lead towards (Dat.)

upa+diw-, upadiwati (VI): to teach, to instruct, to admonish

pal-, palayati (X): to protect

pra+bhu-, prabhavati (I): to arise, to appear

vid-, vindati (VI): to get, to acquire

wubh-, wobhate (I): to shine

anta-, m.: end

kalaha-, m.: quarrel, fight

kirti-, f.: fame

gopa-, m.: cowherd

jati-, f.: birth, caste

dhrti-, f.: courage, firmness

parthiva-, m.: ruler

paura-, m.: citizen

buddhi-, f.: wisdom

bhakti-, f.: devotion

bhuti-, f.: well-being, prosperity

bhumi-, f.: earth, land, ground

maksika-, f.: fly

mukti-, f.: deliverance

rawmi-, f.: ray

vrana-, n.: wound, sore

wanti-, f.: peace, silence

wruti-, f.: Vedic scripture

smrti-, f.: tradition, Hindu non-vedic scripture

svapna-, m.: sleep, dream

nica-, adj.: low

mukhya-, adj.: main, foremost

sadhu-, adj.: holy, righteous