發 音 練 習

 

 

□ 字 母

 

母音 (8) A Ā I Ī U Ū E O

 

子音 (33)                           K      Kh     G       Gh    

                                                    C       Ch     J        Jh      Ñ

                                                          h          h    

                                                    T       Th      D       Dh     N

                                                    P       Ph      B       Bh     M

Y R L V S H Ḷ Ṁ

 

子音搭配母音

 

                                 Ka      Kā    Ki       Kī     Ku     Kū    Ke      Ko

                                 Kha    Khā   Khi      Khī    Khu   Khū   Khe     Kho

                                 Ga      Gā     Gi       Gī     Gu     Gū     Ge      Go

                                 Gha    Ghā   Ghi     Ghī    Ghu   Ghū   Ghe    Gho

                                 a      ā     i       Ṅī      u      ū     e      o

---------------------

                                 Ca      Cā     Ci       Cī     Cu     Cū     Ce      Co

                                 Cha    Chā   Chi     Chī    Chu   Chū   Che    Cho

                                 Ja       Jā      Ji        Jī      Ju      Jū      Je       Jo

                                 Jha      Jhā    Jhi      Jhī     Jhu    Jhū    Jhe      Jho

                          Ña      Ñā    Ñi       Ñī     Ñu     Ñū    Ñe      Ño

---------------------

(其餘類似)

 

□ 唱 誦

 

Buddha saraa gacchāmi        我歸依佛

Dhamma saraa gacchāmi      我歸依法

Sagha saraa gacchāmi         我歸依僧

 

Komala-rammā yapāli-bhāsā                 柔軟、優美的巴利語

Bhagavā dhammadesita-vācā                 是世尊說法的語言

Pīti-mudāradenti janāna  它為人們帶來歡悅、喜樂

Passatha etasundara-bhāsā 看哪諸位這美麗的語言

 

□ 單 詞

 

a                 aggi                   

                        attha                     義、利

                        atta                       自我 (attan)

                        anicca                   無常的

                        abhidhamma         阿毘達磨、論

 

ā                 Ānanda              阿難

                        ācariya                 阿闍梨、師

                        āgama                  阿含、傳承、聖教

                        ārāma                   園林

                        abhijānāti              證知

                        abhijjhā             貪欲

 

i                iti                          如是

                        isi                         仙人、聖者

                        iddhi                     神足、神變

                        indriya                  根、感覺官能

 

ī                  īti                       惱、疾

                        īsa                        主人

                        tīra                      

                        devī                 天女、皇后

 

u                 uttara                  更上、北

                        uddāna                 嗢陀南、攝頌

                        uddhacca              掉舉

                        uddhumāta            膨脹的

 

ū                 ūna                     不足、少、減

                        kūṭa                      屋頂、樓閣、山頂

                        dūra                     遠的

                        dhūma                 

                        mūla                     根、根本

 

e                 eka                    

                        eti                        

                        upeti                     近、趣

                        thera                     長者、上座

                        beluva                   木瓜

                        pubbe                  

o                 oloketi                眺望

                        orima                    此岸

                        nirodha                

                        loka                      世間

 

---------------------------------------------------------------

 

k               kamma                          

                        kāka                              烏鴉

                        kicchā                      困難的

                        kukkucca                       惡作、悔

                        kesa                               毛髮

                        Kosala                           憍薩羅

 

kh               khanti                          

                        khīṇa                             盡、滅

                        khuddaka-nikāya  小部

                        khema                            安穩 = 涅槃

                        khoma                           

 

g               Gagā                      恆河

                        gilāna                             病人

                        gua                               功德

                        geyya                             祇夜、應頌

                        Gotama                          喬達摩

 

gh               ghāna                          

                        ghuru-ghuru                    打鼾聲

                        Buddha-ghosa                佛音

 

              sagha                           僧伽

                        sakhāra                        行、為作

                        aguttara-nikāya            增支部

                        pigiya                           赤褐色的、黃色的

 

---------------------------------------------------------------

 

c               cakkhu                

                        citta                     

                        culla-vasa          小史

                        cetasika                心所

                        cora                     

 

ch               chanda                志欲

                        chādeti                

                        chijjati                   切、斷

                        chupati                 

                        chedeti                  令斷

 

j                janati                   

                        jivhā                

                        jīva                      

                        juti                        光、光輝

                        jetavana                衹陀林

                        jotati                     發光

 

jh                jhāna                  禪思

                        jhiyāyati                禪思 ( = jhāyati)

 

ñ               ñāṇa                     智慧

                        vedaññū            通達吠陀者

                        ñeyya                   所知

 

---------------------------------------------------------------

 

               ghaa                    水瓶

                        ṭīkā                  複注

                        koumbara            一種布

                        koṭṭeti                   打、搗

                        khaopikā         

 

h                hāna                  處、情況

                        hita                      住立

                        duṭṭhulla                粗惡的

                        guṇṭheti                 覆、蔽

 

              asa                 

                        chaḍḍita                捨、除

                        kaṇḍu                   疥癬

                        eti                      

                        kaṇḍolikā         

 

h               aḍḍha                

                        vaḍḍhita                增長

 

              gua                     功德

                        uṇṇī                 毛衣

                        au                       微少的

                        eeyya                  羚羊

 

---------------------------------------------------------------

 

t                tahā                渴愛

                        tiṭṭhati                  

                        Tusita                   兜率天

                        tejo                      

                        tosana                   滿足、喜悅

                        tva                

 

th                thaneti                 雷鳴

                        thīna                     惛沈

                        thūpa                   

                        thera                     長者、上座

                        thometi                 讚賞

 

d               dadāti                   施與

                        daṇḍa                   杖、棒

                        diṭṭhi                     見解

                        dīgha                    長的

                        dukkha                

                        deva                     天、王

                        domanassa            憂惱

                        dvāra                   

 

dh               dhamma             

                        dhiti                      堅實

                        dhuta                    頭陀

                        dhenu                   牡牛

                        dhovati                 洗淨

 

n               nagara                  城市

                        Nigaṇṭha               尼乾陀、離繫

                        nudati                   排除

                        nekkhamma          出離

                        nonīta                   熟酥

                        nhāna                   沐浴 ( = nahāna)

 

---------------------------------------------------------------

 

p               paccaya               

                        piṇḍa                    團食

                        puggala                

                        pesua                  離間語

                        potthaka               書、經卷

 

ph               phala                 

                        phīta                     繁榮的

                        phusati                 

                        pheggu                  樹皮

                        phoseti                  撒、注

 

b               bandhati                結、縛

                        Bimbisāra             頻毘娑羅、摩揭陀王

                        buddha                 佛陀

                        beluva                   木瓜

                        bodhi                    菩提

                        byāpajjha             瞋心、害心

                        brahmā             梵天

 

bh               bhagavant           薄伽梵、世尊

                        bhikkhu                比丘

                        bhuñjati                食、受用

                        bheda                   破壞

                        bhojana                食物

 

m              magga                  

                        māra                     惡魔

                        miga                     鹿、獸

                        muñcati                 解脫

                        mettā               

                        Moggallāna           目犍連

                        jambu-dīpa           閻浮提

 

---------------------------------------------------------------

 

y                 yañña                 祭祀、獻供

                        yiṭṭha                    供祭 pp.

                        Yuddha                戰爭

                        yebhuyya             

                        yoga                     瑜伽、修行

                        vuyhati                  被運走

 

r                  rājā                    國王 (rājan)

                        riñcati                   捨、除

                        rukkha                  樹木

                        rūpa                    

                        reu                      花粉

                        ropeti                    種植

 

l                  labhati                

                        likhati                    寫、刻

                        lujjati                    破壞

                        lekha                    書、刻文

                        loka                      世間

 

v                 vajira                  金剛石

                        vijjā                 明、智

                        vuccati                  被說

                        vedanā              覺受

                        voloketi                觀察

                        vyākaroti              記答

 

---------------------------------------------------------------

 

s                 sakkāya              薩迦耶、己身

                        sīla                      

                        sukha                   

                        senāsana               臥坐所

                        sotāpanna             須陀洹、預流者

                        svāgata                 善來、歡迎

 

h                 hadaya                心、心臟

                        hita                       利益

                        hura               他世

                        hetu                      原因

                        homa                    護摩、獻供

                        brāhmaa             婆羅門

 

                 kīḷati                   遊戲

                        nāḷikera                          椰子

                        pīḷeti                              壓迫、惱害

                        daha                              堅固的

 

               sayutta-nikāya           相應部

                        sisapā                    申恕(樹名)

                        khuseti                        怒叱

                        ta                          那個

                        ki                          什麼

 

 

 

□ 句 子

 

 

(1) 皈敬偈 (總禮文)

 

Namo tassa bhagavato arahato sammāsabuddhassa

(歸敬 世尊 阿羅漢 正遍覺者 )

 

 

(2) 三歸依文

 

Buddha saraa gacchāmi        我歸依佛

Dhamma saraa gacchāmi       我歸依法

Sagha saraa gacchāmi         我歸依僧

 

 

(3) 超世偈 (Dhammapada 354)

 

Sabbadāna dhammadāna jināti               眾施經施勝

Sabba rasa dhammaraso jināti                眾味道味勝

Sabba rati dhammarati jināti    眾樂法樂勝

Tahakkhayo sabbadukkha jināti              愛盡勝眾苦

 

 

(4) 通誡偈 (Dhammapada 183)

 

Sabbapāpassa akaraa      諸惡莫作

Kusalassa upasampadā        眾善奉行

Sacittapariyodapana          自淨其意

Eta buddhāna sāsana      是諸佛教

(5) 緣起法頌 (Vinaya-piaka,Mahāvagga,I.p.40.L26-29)

 

Atha kho āyasmā Assaji              爾時,具壽阿說示

Sāriputtassa paribbājakassa         為梵志舍利弗

ima dhammapariyāya abhāsi : 說此法門:「

‘ Ye dhammā hetuppabhavā 諸法從緣起

tesa hetu tathāgato āha   如來說此因

tesañ ca yo nirodho             彼法因緣盡

evavādī mahāsamao’ ti    是大沙門說。」

 

 

(6) 三相 (tīṇi lakkhaṇāni)

 

(a) Aniccalakkhaa (Dhammapada 277)

Sabbe sakhārā aniccā ti     「一切行無常」,

yadā paññāya passati          以慧觀照時,

atha nibbindati dukkhe         得厭離於苦。

Esa maggo visuddhiyā          此乃清淨道。

 

(b) Dukkhalakkhaa (Dhammapada 278)

Sabbe sakhārā dukkhā ti    「一切行是苦」,

yadā paññāya passati          以慧觀照時,

atha nibbindati dukkhe         得厭離於苦。

Esa maggo visuddhiyā          此乃清淨道。

 

(c) Anattalakkhaa (Dhammapada 279)

Sabbe dhammā anattā ti       「一切法無我」,

yadā paññāya passati          以慧觀照時,

atha nibbindati dukkhe         得厭離於苦。

Esa maggo visuddhiyā          此乃清淨道。

 

 

(7) 無常偈 (Mahāparinibbānasuttanta,D.II.p.157.L6-9)

 

Parinibbute Bhagavati saha parinibbānā        世尊入於涅槃時,

Sakko devānam indo           眾神之主釋提桓因

ima gātha abhāsi :          說此偈曰:「

'Aniccā vata sakhārā,        諸行無常,

uppāda-vaya-dhammino,      是生滅法;

Uppajjitvā nirujjhanti,          生滅滅已,

tesa vūpasamo sukho' ti.    寂滅為樂。」

 

 

(8) 五戒文 (Pañca sikkhāpadāni)

 

Pāṇātipātā

veramaṇī-sikkhāpada samādiyāmi 我受持不殺生戒

Adinnādānā

veramaṇī-sikkhāpada samādiyāmi             我受持不偷盜戒

Kāmesu micchācārā

veramaṇī-sikkhāpada samādiyāmi             我受持不邪婬戒

Musāvādā

veramaṇī-sikkhāpada samādiyāmi             我受持不妄語戒

Surā-meraya-majja-pamādaṭṭhānā

veramaṇī-sikkhāpada samādiyāmi             我受持不飲酒戒

 

 

(9) 慈心解脫 (mettā cetovimutti)

 

Sabbe sattā 一切眾生

Averā hontu                       願他們都沒有仇怨之心

Abyāpajjhā hontu                願他們都不互相侵犯惱害

Anīghā hontu                      願他們都沒有身心的苦惱

Sukhī attāna pariharantu    願他們都善於守護自己,(遠離

一切災難痛苦,) 具足安樂。

 

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