文法分類索引
(以下頁碼請參考原書)

壹.語音(Phonetics)

一、字母與發音(Letters and Pronunciations) ................................. 0-2

二、音節、音長、重音(Syllable,Quantity and Stress) .................... 0-3

三、母音階次(Vowel Gradation) .................................................. 1-3

四、連音法(Junction, Sandhi)

1.外連音法(External Sandhi) ...................................................................... 1-1

2.內連音法(Internal Sandhi) ....................................................................... 1-8

 

貳‧名詞類

一、名詞(Nouns)

1.(Case)的用法

(1) 主格 (Nominative) .............................................................................. 1-5

(2) 對格 (Accusative) ............................................................................... 2-2

(3) 具格 (Instrumental) ...................................................................... 7-7, 8-4

(4) 為格 (Dative) .................................................................................... 12-1

(5) 從格 (Ablative) ................................................................................. 14-9

(6) 屬格 (Genitive) ................................................................................. 10-5

(7) 處格 (Locative) ................................................................................ 16-1

(8) 呼格 (Vocative) .................................................................................. 5-8

2.格變化(Declension)

(1) 名詞:母音結尾的語尾變化 ............................................................ F-1

(2) 名詞:子音結尾的語尾變化 ............................................................ F-4

3.各類名詞

(1) 一般名詞(Nouns) ............................................................................... 1-4

(2) 所有名詞(Possessive Nouns).............................................................. 2-1

(3) 動作名詞(Action Nouns) .................................................................... 2-2

(4)     作者名詞(Agent Nouns) ..................................................................... 2-5

(5)     抽象名詞(Abstract Nouns) ............................................................... 2-10

 

(6)     親族名詞(Family-relationship Nouns)................................................. 2-8

(7)     微劣名詞(Diminutive Nouns) ............................................................ 2-11

(8)     強意名詞(Intensive Nouns) ................................................................. 8-5

(9)     意欲抽象名詞(Desiderative Abstract Nouns) ..................................... 8-6

(10) 名詞的其他接尾詞(Other Suffixes of Nouns) .................................. 2-12

(11) 男性名詞的「女性化」(Feminisation of Masculine Nouns) ............. 2-13

二、代名詞(Pronouns)

1.格變化(Declensions)

(1) 代名詞語尾變化的「三大體系」 .................................................... F-9

(2)     代名詞語尾變化的基本條例 ......................................................... F-13

(3)     代名詞語尾變化:家族(1) Tad ........................................... F-10,11

(4)     代名詞語尾變化:家族(2) Amu .................................................... F-12

(5)     代名詞語尾變化:家族(3) Aha,Tva ......................................... F-12

2.各類代名詞

(1) 人稱代名詞(Personal Pronouns) ......................................................... 5-1

(2) 指示代名詞(Demonstrative Pronouns) ................................................ 5-1

(3) 疑問代名詞(Interrogative Pronouns) ............................................... 12-14

(4) 關係代名詞(Relative Pronouns) ........................................................ 12-8

(5) 不定代名詞(Indefinite Pronouns) ...................................................... 14-1

(6) 反身代名詞(Reflexive Pronouns)
attan, saka, sa, saya
, sāma ............................................................ 4-1

三、形容詞(Adjectives)

1.一般形容詞(Adjectives) ............................................................ 11-1,3-1

2.代名詞形容詞(Pronominal Adjectives) ................................................ 12-16

3.所有形容詞(Processive Adjectives) ......................................................... 2-1

4.所造形容詞(Constructional Adjectives) ................................................... 3-3

5.方向形容詞(Directional Adjectives) ......................................................... 3-3

6.時間形容詞(Temporal Adjectives) .......................................................... 3-4

7.強意形容詞(Intensive Adjectives) ............................................................ 8-5

8.意欲形容詞(Desiderative Adjectives) ...................................................... 8-6

四、數詞(Numerals)

1.基數(Cardinal Numerals) .......................................................................... 6-1

2.序數(Ordinals Numerals) .......................................................................... 6-2

3.數目的表達

(1) 一般整數的表達(Integer Numbers) .................................................... 6-3

(2) 分數的表達(Fraction Numbers) .......................................................... 6-3

4.其它與數目相關的用法(Other Use of Numbers)

(1) 數詞的「形容詞形」(Numeral Adjectives) ....................................... 6-4

(2) 表達「一個月的第幾天」 ................................................................ 6-4

(3) 表達「不確定數」(Indefinite Numbers) ............................................. 6-5

(4) 數目疑問詞(Numeral Interrogatives) ................................................... 6-5

(5) 表達「次數」(Frequency) ................................................................. 6-5

(6) 表達「支分」(Folds) ......................................................................... 6-5

(7) 表達「倍數」(Multiples) .................................................................... 6-6

(8) 表達「分配數」(Distributive Numbers) ............................................. 6-6

(9) 綜合整理:由數詞構成的形容詞、副詞 ........................................ 6-6

參‧動詞類

一、動詞(Verbs)

1.動詞的(語基)類別

(1) (First Conjugation) .......... bhavati (bhū) ..................... 1-1, 2-1

(2) (Second Conjugation) ...... bhuñjati (bhuj) .......................... 8-1

(3) (Third Conjugation) ......... maññati (man) ........................ 11-3

(4) (Forth Conjugation) ......... suoti (su) ................................ 8-2

(5) (Fifth Conjugation) .......... jānāti (ñā) .............................. 15-1

(6) (Sixth Conjugation) .......... karoti (kar) ............................... 6-6

(7) (Seventh Conjugation) ..... deseti (dis) ................................ 3-2

2.動詞的時態/語氣/語態(Tenses,Moods,Voices)

(1) 直說法現在式(Present Tense)............................................................ 1-4

bhū, hū ........................................................................................... 1-2

as ................................................................................................... 5-4

(2) 直說法過去式(Aorist or Past Tense) .................................................. 4-1

vac ................................................................................................. 5-8

dis, gam ........................................................................................ 11-6

su ................................................................................................. 12-7

(3)     完成式 (Perfect Tense) ...................................................................... 8-7

(4)     直說法未來式(Future Tense) ........................................................... 10-1

(5) 命令式(Imperative Tense)................................................................... 6-1

(6) 可能/願望式(Optative Tense)........................................................... 14-4

(7) 條件式(Conditional Tense).................................................................. 8-8

(8) 被動動詞(Passive Conjugation) ........................................................... 9-1

(9) 使役動詞(Causative Conjugation) ..................................................... 13-5

(10) 名動詞(Denominative Conjugation) .................................................... 8-3

(11) 強意動詞(Intensive Conjugation) ....................................................... 8-4

(12) 意欲動詞(Desiderative Conjugation) ................................................. 8-5

(14) 動詞的中間型語尾(Middle Conjugation) ......................................... 8-9

 

二、助動詞(Auxiliary Verbs)
as,h
ū,car,()hā,vatt,vi-har,ni-sīd,ni-pad ................................. 8-18

 

三、分詞(Participles)

1.過去被動分詞(Past Passive Participles) ......................................... 7-1, 11-6

2.過去主動分詞(Past Active Participles) .................................................. 17-2

3.現在被動分詞(Present Passive Participles) ............................................ 17-4

4.現在主動分詞(Present Active Participles) ............................................... 8-8

5.未來被動分詞(Future Passive Participles) ........................................... 16-10

6.未來主動分詞(Future Active Participle) ................................................ 17-5

7.連續體/絕對體(Gerund, Absolute) ......................................................... 8-1

8.不定體(Infinitive) ................................................................................... 8-12

 

四、相關討論

1.及物動詞與不及物動詞(Transtive and Intransitive Verbs) ...................... 2-4

2.動詞與主詞的配合(Agreement of Verb and Subject) .............................. 4-4

 

肆.接頭詞、疑問詞(Prefixes and Interrogatives)

一、接頭詞(Prefixes)

1.a-, an- ............................................................................................. 15-4,7-2

2.su-, du(r)- ....................................................................................... 15-5,7-4

3.sa- ................................................................................................................ 7-2

4.ni(r)-, vi-, apagata-, vigata-, vīta- .................................................................. 7-5

二、疑問詞(Interrogatives) ....................................................... 12-14

 

伍.複合詞(Componds)

○、複合詞總說 ....................................................................... 13-1

一、依主釋(Tappurisa)................................................................ 13-3

二、持業釋(Kammadhāraya).................................................... 16-13

三、相違釋(Dvanda)................................................................. 15-3

四、有財釋(Bahubbīhi)

1.有財釋的基本用法 ................................................................................ 7-1

2.更複雜的有財釋 (含三個成員以上) .................................................. 7-3

3.帶「接尾詞」或「接頭詞」的有財釋 ................................................ 7-3

4.內含「特殊語」的有財釋 .................................................................... 7-5

5.表達「意欲」的有財釋 ........................................................................ 7-6

五、鄰近釋(Avyayībhāva) ........................................................... 7-7

六、帶數釋(Digu)....................................................................... 7-8

七、附說

1.依主釋末尾之「附屬字」(Dependent Words) .................................... 17-1

2.否定複合詞(Negtive Compounds) ........................................................... 7-5

 

陸.句子(Sentences)

一、語詞順序(Word Order) ........................................................ 1-6

二、Be動詞之省略 .................................................................... 0-7

三、動詞與主詞的配合(Agreement of Verb and Subject) ............... 4-4

四、子句(Clauses)

1.連續體子句(Gerund Clauses) .................................................................. 8-3

2.現在分詞子句(Present Participle Clauses) ............................................... 8-9

3.過去分詞子句(Past Participle Clauses) .................................................... 7-4

4.獨立屬格結構(Genitive Absolute) ......................................................... 10-9

5.獨立處格結構(Locative Absolute) ........................................................ 16-7

6.關係子句(Relative Clauses) ................................................................... 12-9

五、疑問句(Interrogative Sentences)......................................... 12-15

六、名詞句(Nominal Sentences)................................................... 7-6

 

柒.文章表現(Text Presentations)

一、否定法(Negation)

1.動詞(句子)的否定(na,mā) .......................................................................... 5-5

2.名詞的否定(a-,an-) ................................................................................... 15-4

二、引號(Quotation) ............................................................. 1-6,6-4

三、省略(Abbreviation)........................................................... 16-14

四、比較(Comparison)

1. 比較級與最高級的構成 .......................................................................... 5-1

2. 比較級與最高級的用法 .......................................................................... 5-2

五、重複強調(Repetition) ............................................................ 5-5

 

捌.其他文法觀念

一、字母的順序(Alphabet Order) ................................................ 0-4

二、語詞與句子的解析(Analysis of Word and Sentence) ............... 0-4

三、衍生法(Derivation)

1.一次衍生(Primary Derivation) .................................................................. 1-8

2.二次衍生(Secondary Derivation) ............................................................. 1-8