Gāthā Sentence Translation Sentence Structure
Vocabulary&Grammar Commentary Pronunciation
                          List of Abbreviations

mātaraṃ pitaraṃ hantvā rājāno dve ca khattiye

raṭṭhaṃ sānucaraṃ hantvā anīgho yāti brāhmaṇo

(DhP 294)




Sentence Translation:

Having killed mother, father and two warrior kings,
having killed the whole country with its followers, undisturbed walks the holy man.




Sentence Structure:
List of Abbreviations

mātaraṃ pitaraṃ hantvā rājāno    dve       ca    khattiye
|                  |           |          |           |           |          |
N.f.         N.m.    V.ger.  N.m.   Num.m.  conj.   N.m.
Acc.Sg.  Acc.Sg.      |     Acc.Pl.  Acc.Pl.     |     Acc.Pl.
|__________|           |          |______|           |           |
         |                     |                |_________|______|
         |                     |                         |____|
         |____________|________________|
                    |______|
                          |__________________________________________________

List of Abbreviations

raṭṭhaṃ sānucaraṃ hantvā anīgho      yāti     brāhmaṇo
|                   |             |          |              |             |
N.n.        Adj.n.     V.ger.   Adj.m.   V.act.in.    N.m.
Acc.Sg.  Acc.Sg.         |     Nom.Sg. 3.Sg.pres. Nom.Sg.
|___________|            |          |________|             |
           |____________|                  |___________|
_____________|                                       |
          |_____________________________|




Vocabulary and Grammar:
List of Abbreviations

mātaraṃ: mātar-, N.f.: mother. Acc.Sg. = mātaraṃ.

pitaraṃ pitar-, N.m.: father. Acc.Sg. = pitaraṃ.

hantvā, V.ger.: having killed. The verb root is han-.

rājāno: rājan-, N.m.: king. Acc.Pl. = rājāno.

dve: dvi-, Num.: two. Acc.Pl.m. = dve.

ca, conj.: and.

khattiye: khattiya-, N.m.: Kshatriya, warior, ruler; the member of the Kshatriya clan.
Acc.Pl. = khattiye.

List of Abbreviations

raṭṭhaṃ: raṭṭha-, N.n.: country, kingdom. Acc.Sg. = raṭṭhaṃ.

sānucaraṃ: sānucara-, Adj.: together with followers. It is derived from the verb anucara-, N.m. (follower; it is derived form the verb root car-, to walk, with the prefix anu-, along, with) with the prefix sa- (with, together). Euphonic combination: sa- + anucara- = sānucara-. Acc.Sg.n. = sānucaraṃ.

hantvā: see above.

anīgho: anīgha-, Adj.: undisturbed, calm. The etymology of this word is doubtful. Probably it is derived from the verb root igh- (to tremble, to rage) with the negative prefix an-. Nom.Sg.m. = anīgho.

yāti, V.: goes, pursues. The verb root is yā- (to go). 3.Sg.in.act.pres. = yāti.

brāhmaṇo: brāhmaṇa-, N.m.: Brahmin, a holy man. Nom.Sg. = brāhmaṇo.

List of Abbreviations

    The subject is the noun brāhmaṇo (holy man, nominative singular). The verb is yāti (goes, 3rd person, singular, active, indicative, present tense). The object is the adjective anīgho (undisturbed, nominative singular). There are two clauses dependent on this main sentence:
    1) mātaraṃ pitaraṃ hantvā rājāno dve ca khattiye (having killed mother, father and two warrior kings). The subject is omitted, implying the subject of the main sentence, the noun brāhmaṇo. The verb is in gerund, hantvā (having killed). There are three objects, the nouns mātaraṃ (mother, accusative singular), pitaraṃ (father, accusative singular) and rājāno (kings, accusative plural). This last word has two attributes, the noun khattiye (warrior, accusative plural) and the numeral dve (two, accusative plural). The conjunction ca (and) connects the last object to the two preceding ones.
    2) raṭṭhaṃ sānucaraṃ hantvā (having killed the whole country with its followers). The subject is omitted, implying the subject of the main sentence, the noun brāhmaṇo. The verb is in gerund, hantvā (having killed). The object is the noun raṭṭhaṃ (country, accusative singular). It has an attribute, the adjective sānucaraṃ (with followers, accusative singular).




Commentary:

    Once a group of monks visited the Buddha. While they were paying their respects, the monk Lakunṭaka Bhaddiya, who was an Arahant, passed by. The Buddha told the monks this verse (and the following one, DhP 295). He told the monks to look at Lakunṭaka Bhaddiya: he was a monk who has killed his parents, and kings, indeed the whole country; and yet he was walking calmly, without remorse.
    The monks could not understand what the Buddha was talking about! Surely this Arahant had killed nobody! Then the Buddha had to explain: "mother" means craving, "father" is conceit, "two warrior kings" are views of eternalism and nihilism, "the country" are sense-organs and sense-objects and the "followers" are attachment and lust.




Sentence pronunciation:

Sentence pronunciation

Word pronunciation:

mātaraṃ
pitaraṃ
hantvā
rājāno
dve
ca
khattiye
raṭṭhaṃ
sānucaraṃ
anīgho
yāti
brāhmaṇo