Gāthā Sentence Translation Sentence Structure
Vocabulary&Grammar Commentary Pronunciation
                          List of Abbreviations

tiṇadosāni khettāni icchādosā ayaṃ pajā

tasmā hi vigaticchesu dinnaṃ hoti mahapphalaṃ

(DhP 359)




Sentence Translation:

Fields are ruined by weeds. This mankind is ruined by desires.
Therefore, what is given to those devoid of desires brings much fruit.




Sentence Structure:
List of Abbreviations

tiṇa+dosāni  khettāni   icchā+dosā       ayaṃ       pajā
|           |             |           |         |             |              |
N.n. Adj.n.      N.n.     N.f. Adj.f.     Pron.f.      N.f.
|      Nom.Pl. Nom.Pl.     |   Nom.Sg. Nom.Sg.  Nom.Sg.
|______|             |           |_____|             |________|
      |__________|                 |______________|

List of Abbreviations

tasmā     hi vigata+icchesu dinnaṃ      hoti     maha+pphalaṃ
|              |       |        |            |              |           |           |
Pron.    part. Adj. Adj.m.   Adj.n.    V.act.in.  Adj.   Adj.n.
Abl.Sg.    |       |    Loc.Pl. Nom.Sg. 3.Sg.pres.   |     Nom.Sg.
|________|       |____|            |               |           |______|
       |                   |_________|               |_________|
       |                           |__________________|
       |________________________|




Vocabulary and Grammar:
List of Abbreviations

tiṇadosāni: tiṇadosa-, Adj.: ruined by weeds. It is a compound of:
    tiṇa-, N.n.: grass, weed.
    dosa-, N.m.: corruption, fault.
Nom.Pl.n. = tiṇadosāni.

khettāni: khetta-, N.n.: field. Nom.Pl. = khettāni.

icchādosā: icchādosa-, Adj.: ruined by desire. It is a compound of:
    icchā-, N.f.: desire, longing. It is derived from the verb root icch- (to want).
    dosa-, N.m.: corruption, fault.
Nom.Sg.f. = icchādosā.

ayaṃ: idaṃ-, Pron.: this. Nom.Sg.f. = ayaṃ.

pajā: pajā-, N.f.: beings, people, mankind. Nom.Sg. = pajā.

tasmā: tad-, Pron.: that. Abl.Sg. = tasmā (therefore, lit. "from that").

List of Abbreviations

hi, part.: indeed.

vigaticchesu: vigaticcha-, Adj.: whose desires are gone, devoid of desire. It is a compound of:
    vigata-, Adj.: gone. It is a p.p. of the verb gam- (to go) with the prefix vi- (away).
    icchā-, N.f.: desire, longing. It is derived from the verb root icch- (to want).
Euphonic combination: vigata- + icchā- = vigaticchā-.
Loc.Pl.m. = vigaticchesu.

dinnaṃ: dinna-, Adj.: given. It is a p.p. of the verb root dā- (to give). Nom.Sg.n. = dinnaṃ.

hoti, V. is. The verb root is bhū- (to be). 3.Sg.act.in.pres. = bhavati or hoti.

mahapphalaṃ: mahapphala-, Adj.: bearing much fruit. It is a compound of:
    mahant-, Adj.: big, great, much. The compound form used here: maha-.
    phala-, N.n.: fruit.
Euphonic combination: maha- + phala- = mahapphala-.
Nom.Sg.n. = mahapphalaṃ.

List of Abbreviations

    This verse consists of three syntactically separate sentences. They are:
    1) tiṇadosāni khettāni (fields are ruined by weeds). The subject is the noun khettāni (fields, nominative plural). The verb is omitted, implying the verb "to be". The object is the compound tiṇadosāni (ruined by weeds, nominative plural).
    2) icchādosā ayaṃ pajā (this mankind is ruined by desires). The subject is the noun pajā (mankind, nominative singular). It has an attribute, the pronoun ayaṃ (this, nominative singular). The verb is omitted, implying the verb "to be". The object is the compound icchādosā (ruined by desires, nominative singular).
    3) tasmā hi vigaticchesu dinnaṃ hoti mahapphalaṃ (therefore, what is given to those devoid of desires brings much fruit). The subject is the past participle dinnaṃ (given, nominative singular). It has an attribute, the compound vigaticchesu (to those devoid of desires, locative plural). The verb is hoti (is, 3rd person, singular, active, indicative, present tense). The object is the compound mahapphalaṃ (of great fruit, nominative singular). The sentence is introduced by the pronoun tasmā (therefore, "from that", ablative singular). It is stressed by the particle hi (indeed).




Commentary:

    The story for this verse is identical with the one for three previous verses (DhP 356, DhP 357 and DhP 358).
    By these four verses the Buddha stresses the importance of giving alms to those who really deserve it. To give alms to those who are just lazy to work for their living will do harm to the society as well as to those people in question.




Sentence pronunciation:

Sentence pronunciation

Word pronunciation:

tiṇadosāni
tiṇa
dosāni
khettāni
icchādosā
icchā
dosā
ayaṃ
pajā
tasmā
hi
vigaticchesu
vigata
icchesu
dinnaṃ
hoti
mahapphalaṃ
maha
phalaṃ