Main Index ||| Radical Index ||| Total Strokes Index

See the character 拞 in CJKDict

拞鎂攈 [py] zhong1guan1pai4 [wg] chungkuanp'ai [ko] chungkwanp'a [ja] 僠儏僂僈儞僴 chuuganha ||| Maadhyamika, one of the major streams of Indian Mahaayaana Buddhism which was to have a profound impact on all subsequent forms of Buddhism which arose in East Asia and Tibet. Based chiefly in the "middle way" 拞榑 philosophy of Naagaarjuna 棿庽, the Maadhyamika thinkers sought to investigate a middle ground between the two extremes of existence 桳 or non-existence 柍 of things. Seen through the logic of dependent co-arising 墢婲, all things were seen to be lacking of inherent nature 帺惈--to be empty 嬻. The most important successor to Naagaarjuna in the development of this school was Aaryadeva 惞採攌丂(170-270, also commonly written 採攌) who helped to complete the framework of the Maadhyamika system in his Catuh-`sataka 巐昐榑, etc. He was followed a few centuries later by such figures as Buddhapaalita (樑岇, c.470-540), Bhaavaviveka (惔鐕, c. 490-570) and Candrakiirti (寧鈏, c. 650), who worked out, each in their own ways various types of proofs for the explanation of and apprehension of the nature of emptiness. Some of the most important basic antagonistic positions within the broad Maadhyamika tradition can be seen in the disagreement between Bhaavaviveka and Candrakiirti: while Bhaavaviveka used one form of logical argumentation to establish the truth of emptiness in a positive manner, Candrakiirti denied the validity of the use of logical propositions which ended up affirming any sort of positive position. This basic disagreement would become embedded within the Maadhyamika school to the extent that two distinct philosophical factions developed: the Svaatrantika (dulilunzhengpai 嗾棫榑鏆攈), which basically followed the position of Bhaavaviveka and the Praasa.ngika (guimiulunzhengpai 焏昑榑鏆攈), which supported the opinion of Buddhapaalita and Candrakiirti. Some later (eighth century) Maadhyamika thinkers such as `Saantarak.sita 庘岇 and Kamala`siila 楡壺夲 blended the Maadhyamika theories together with that of the Yogaacaara movement, which had risen in popularity during the fifth century. The Three-treatise school 嶰榑廆 which arose in East Asia was based primarily in the basic positions of the schools earliest thinkers, Naagaarjuna and Aaryadeva. [Dictionary References] iwa567 [Credit] acm

拞鎂榑 [py] Zhong1guan1 lun4 [wg] Chung-kuan lun [ko] Chunggwannon [ja] 僠儏僂僇儞儘儞 Chuukanron ||| See 拞榑 [Credit] acm(entry) cw(py)

拞鎂榑慲 [py] Zhong1guan1lun4 shu1 [wg] Chung-kuan lun shu [ko] Chunggwannon so [ja] 僠儏僂僇儞儘儞僜 Chuukanron so ||| The Zhongguan lun shou; T 1824.42.1a-169b. [Credit] acm(entry)

拞榑 [py] Zhong1lun4 [wg] Chung-lun [ko] Chungnon [ja] 僠儏僂儘儞 Chuuron ||| The Madhyamaka-`saastra; 4 fasc., attributed to Naagaarjuna; 棿庽 T 1564.30.1a-39c. Naagaarjuna's Madhyamaka-kaarikaas is appended with notes by Pingala 惵栚. Kumaarajiiva 數杸梾廦 translated it in 409, adding his own comments. This is the basic text for the study of Maadhyamika 拞鎂攈 thought. The text opposed rigid categories of existence 橈 and non-existence 嬻, and denied the two extremes of arising and non-arising. [Credit] acm(entry)

拞摴 [py] zhong1dao4 [wg] chung-tao [ko] chungdo [ja] 僠儏僂僪僂 chuudou ||| (1) The 'middle way,' a common term for the Buddhist path. In the earlier Pali literature it refers to a path that avoids the extremes of asceticism and self-satisfaction. (2) Later, during the development of Mahaayaana Buddhism, especially as taught by Naagaarjuna 棿庽 and others, it refers to the cultivation of the enlightened mindfulness which is not trapped in the extremes of nihilism or eternalism, or being and non-being. Also used as an informal term to refer to the Maadhyamika 拞鎂攈 school, which was founded by Naagaarjuna.(3) During the latter Silla in Korea, a school named Chungdo arose from somewhat uncertain origins, but which was not associated with the Sanlun school. [Credit] acm(entry) cw(py)

拞摴廆 [py] Zhong1dao4zong1 [wg] Chung-tao tsung [ko] Chungdo jong [ja] 僠儏僂僪僂僔儏僂 Chuudoushuu ||| The "middle way" school. (1) Zhongdao zong; the Maadhyamika school of Indian Mahaayaana Buddhism, founded based on the philosophy of `suunyataa taught by Naagaarjuna 棿庽, more commonly rendered in Chinese as 拞鎂攈 .(2) A Koryô period school in Korea, considered to be a later extension of the Pôpsông 朄惈 school. [Credit] acm(entry)

拞摴嫵 [py] zhong1 dao4jiao4 [wg] chung-tao-chiao [ko] chungdogyo [ja] 僠儏僂僪僂僉儑僂 chuudoukyou ||| During the "third period" of the Buddha's teaching (according to the Faxiang 朄憡 sect), the teaching of emptiness of the second period, and the teaching of the first period on existence are stopped in favor of the explanation of "neither emptiness nor existence" (Sandhinirmocana-suutra). [Credit] acm(entry) cw(py)

拞绮暘暿榑 [py] Zhong1bian1 fen1bie2 lun4 [wg] Chung-pien fen-pieh lun [ko] Chungbyônbunbyôllon [ja] 僠儏僂儀儞僼儞儀僣儘儞 Chuuben funbetsu ron ||| The Chung-pien fen-pieh lun; also known as Zhongbian lun 拞绮榑 and Bianzhongbian lun 櫈拞绮榑: the Madhyaanta-vibhaaga. A seminal Consciousness-only text that is considered to be the joint effort of Asa.nga 柍挊 and Vasubandhu 悽恊. (1) Three fascicle translation by Hsüan-tsang (T 1600.31.464-477). (2) Two fascicle translation by Paramaartha 崃掹 (T 1599.31.451a-463) [Credit] acm(entry) cw(py)

拞绮榑 [py] Zhong1bian1 lun4 [wg] Chung-pien-lun [ko] Chungbyônnon [ja] 僠儏僂儀儞儘儞 Chuubenron ||| The Madhyaanta-vibhaaga; see prior 拞绮暘暿榑. [Credit] acm(entry) ps(py)

See the character 孁 in CJKDict

孁廗 [py] guan4xi2 [wg] kuan-hsi [ko] kwansûp [ja] 僎儞僔儏僂 genshuu ||| To habituate; to develop through repeated activity. To practice with regularity, usually used in the sense of repeated practice aimed toward the cultivation of good roots 慞崻. [Dictionary References] naka335c [Credit] acm(entry)

Main Index ||| Radical Index ||| Total Strokes Index

Copyright © 1997-1999 A. Charles Muller