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宗教的淨土與哲學的淨土=The Sukhavati of Religion and the Sukhavati of Philosophy |
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| Author |
李杜 (著)=Li, Tu (au.)
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| Source |
中華國際佛學會議論文集（第3屆）：人間淨土與現代社會=Chung-Hwa International Conference on Buddhism : The "Earthly" Pure Land and Contemporary Society(3rd)
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| Date | 1998.12 |
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| Pages | 59 - 94 |
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| Publisher | 法鼓文化出版社=Dharma Drum Culture |
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| Publisher Url |
http://www.ddc.com.tw
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| Location | 臺北市, 臺灣 [Taipei shih, Taiwan] |
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| Content type | 會議論文=Proceeding Article |
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| Language | 中文=Chinese |
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| Note | 版次：初版. 集叢：佛學會議論文彙編, 1. |
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| Keyword | 李杜; 神靈界; 虛靈界; 存有; 超越; 淨土=Pure Land |
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| Abstract | 佛教的淨土宗特別重視淨土的信念，教人持名念佛，參拜阿彌陀佛，由人間世而進於西方的極樂淨土世界. 但淨土的信念不僅為淨土宗所重視，亦為佛教其他的宗派如天台，華嚴，唯識，禪宗所重視，「淨為三乘共庇」，只是如何重視，如何宣揚此信念以引導世人彼此有所不同而已.
不但佛教各宗派重視宣揚淨土信念以引導世人，於佛教外的其他宗教，如儒教，道教，基督教，亦同樣重視宣揚淨土信念，以引導世人，只是其不用為佛教所用的「淨土」名詞，而是以「至善」，「人極」，「清淨境界」，「天堂」等不同的名詞去對「淨土」信念作不同的說明和以不同的方式去重視，宣揚此信念而已. 宗教是人的宗教，淨土是人由宗教而表達的究極的嚮往與期待，故各宗教皆重視宣揚人的此嚮往與期待.
宗教是人的宗教，宗教重視人的究極的嚮往與期待; 哲學是人的哲學，哲學亦重視人的究極的嚮往與期待; 以中國儒家哲學，道家哲學去說是如此，以西方柏拉圖，亞里斯多德，康德和存在主義的哲學去說亦是如此. 但哲學不即是宗教. 哲學與宗教雖同重視淨土的信念，而二者在如何表現其重視上，則有所不同; 前者重於藉宗教性的組織，持戒守律，由宗教生活上以引導人去完成此信念; 後者則不是如此，而主在由哲學理論上以說明，肯定此信念.
人若只求宗教性的生活，行為，而不求由哲學上以說明此宗教性的生活，行為的義理依據，將不能分辨正道與邪說的不同而會以魔道為聖教; 人若只知說明此義理，而不問其是否能落實於人的生活，行為上，將僅止於玄思，而會流為清談. 故宗教與哲學要彼此互為配合，以教化引導人由現世而至超現世的淨土生活.
The term "sukhavati "is used by the Pure-land Sect of Buddhism to indicate the special emphasis it places on the conviction in sukhavati. The sect also stresses the importance of praying to Amitabha, asking for his special mercy to help the prayers, the Buddhists, to come to the pure-land to attain the highest happiness through a religious life of this world. The conviction in sukhavati is not only emphasized by the sect of Pure-land，but it is also given immense concern by other sects, such as Ti'en-tai，Hua-yan，Mere Ideation，and Zen. "Sukhavati is of concern to the three Mahayanas". Their difference lies in the ways of how to guide their followers, the Buddhists, to sukhavati.
Besides the different sects of Buddhism，which are concerned with, and preach the conviction in sukhavati，and give religious guidance to their followers about how to attain sukhavati，other religions such as Confucianism，Taoism，Christianity also regard all these as their main concerns. The difference between the other religions and Buddhism does not lie in whether or not they have a conviction in sukhavati，but rather in the different terms they employ to indicate the conviction in sukhavati，such as "the highest good"，"the ultimate reality of man"，"the clean level" ,"paradise," etc.，and in the different ways by which they preach and carry out the conviction. Religion is concerned with man，and religion is the religion of man. Sukhavati is the ultimate aspiration and expectation of man，which is presented by man through his religious activity. Therefore every religion is concerned with and preaches the conviction in sukhavati.
Religion is the religion of man，and is concerned with the ultimate aspiration and expectation of man. Philosophy is the philosophy of man，and is also concerned with the ultimate aspiration and expectation of man. Chinese philosophers like Confucious, Mencius, Lao Tzu，Chuang tzu clearly reveal such indication. So do western philosophers like Plato，Aristotle，Kant and some of the contemporary existentialists. Concerned with the conviction in sukhavati as both philosophy and religion are，they are different in how to express their concern.The latter guides people to sukhavati through religious organizations, religious doctrines and religious ways of life. However，the former is more concerned with the philosophical and theoretical expression and affirmation of the conviction. As most of us will agree，if man is only concerned with a religious belief and a religious life but lacking in a philosophical knowledge of what is the theoretical basis of his religious belief and religious life，he will not be able to differentiate true religion from false religion，which merely uses religion as a means for non-religious ends. As most of us will also agree，the belief that it is sufficient for man to be concerned with the explanation of the conviction or to regard the explanation itself as the end，and thus indulge in philosophical speculation will definitely confine the participation of such activity to a small sector，the so-called intelligentsia; consequently，common people cannot be involved. Therefore ,as I notice ,religion and philosophy have to cooperate and co-ordinate with each other to help teach people to live the kind of life that will lead to sukhava |
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| ISBN | 9578473869 |
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| Hits | 1291 |
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| Created date | 2000.11.13
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| Modified date | 2015.08.11 |
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