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淺論宗喀巴大師止觀思想的特色=The Characteristics of Master Tsongkhapa's Meditation Thought |
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| Author |
楊國寬 (著)
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| Source |
全國佛學論文聯合發表會論文集（第24屆）
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| Date | 2013 |
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| Pages | 1 - 27 |
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| Location | 臺灣 [Taiwan] |
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| Content type | 會議論文=Proceeding Article |
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| Language | 中文=Chinese |
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| Note | 華梵大學東方人文思想研究所博士班七年級。 |
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| Keyword | 宗喀巴; 止觀; 奢摩他; 毗缽舍那; 《菩提道次第廣論》 |
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| Abstract | 本文主要探討宗喀巴止觀思想的特色，論述的行文包括五個部分：壹、前言。貳、宗喀巴論止觀的修習實踐。叁、宗喀巴毗缽舍那的中觀思想。肆、宗喀巴止觀思想的特色。伍、結論。
宗喀巴所處的時代，由於學者普遍將空性理解為斷空，不但在見解上否定智性思維的重要性，進一步全盤否定操守戒行的意義，使西藏佛教面臨極大危機。宗喀巴的止觀思想正是針對這種現狀，結合了龍樹「中觀見」及彌勒、無著「廣大行」二大車軌，構成一個循序漸進、先小後大、先顯後密，次第井然的修學體系。
宗喀巴毗缽舍那章的中觀思想，為其止觀思想相當突出的部分，特列五大重點予以討論：一、辨了不了義。二、緣起自性空。三、辨應成自續之別。四、對離邊中觀論的批判。五、抉擇補特伽羅無我及法無我。
至於宗喀巴止觀思想的特色歸納如下：一、破斥漢藏先賢的謬誤，闡釋中觀正見。二、緊扣道次第。三、緣起性空的連結與發展。四、融合深見、廣行二大車軌。五、止觀修學乃為密乘作準備。
宗喀巴的止觀思想，一方面消解雪域對空性的錯誤見解，扭轉西藏佛教衰頹局面；一方面建立注重戒律、次第修行、止觀雙運、顯密圓融之全圓道次第，其影響迄今方興未艾。
To investigate the characteristics of Tsongkhapa’s meditation thought, the study is divided into five parts: (1) introduction, (2) Tsongkhapa’s exposition of meditation practice, (3) the Madhyamaka thought in Tsongkhapa’s vipassanā, (4) the characteristics of Tsongkhapa’s meditation thought, and (5) conclusion. Generally perceiving śūnyatā as nonexistence after death, scholars in Tsongkhapa’s time have denied the importance of intellectual thinking and completely negated the significance of ethics and precepts, and this has greatly endangered Tibetan Buddhism. In order to remedy this situation, Tsongkhapa combines Nagarjun’s Madhyamaka insight and Maitreya and Asaṅga’s universal practice and develops the meditation thought, a practice system featuring order and steady progress. An outstanding part in Tsongkhapa’s meditation thought is the Madhyamaka thought in the chapter of vipassanā, and this study analyzes it with five points: (1) differentiation between nītārtha and neyārtha, (2) pratītyasamutpāda and śūnya, (3) differences between the Prāsaṅgika and the Svātantrika, (4) criticism of the Free from Extremes Madhyamaka, and (5) choice between pudgala-anātman and dharma-anātman. This study brings out the features of Tsongkhapa’s meditation thought as follows: (1) correction on the mistakes of Han and Tibetan worthy predecessors and illustration of the Right View in Madhyamaka thought, (2) strict compliance with the sequence of religious practice, (3) the connection between pratītyasamutpāda and śūnya and their development, (4) integration of Madhyamaka insight and universal practice, and (5) meditation practice as preparation for Esoteric Buddhism. Tsongkhapa’s meditation thought has disproved Tibet’s interpretation on śūnyatā, reversed the degeneration of Tibetan Buddhism, and established the perfect sequence of practice that highlights religious discipline, practice sequence, application of both samatha and vipassanā, and compatibility of Exoteric Buddhism and Esoteric Buddhism. Even now, its influences still remain.
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| Table of contents | 壹、前言 4
貳、宗喀巴論止觀的修習實踐 5
叁、宗喀巴毗缽舍那的中觀思想 8
肆、宗喀巴止觀思想的特色 18
伍、結論：宗喀巴止觀思想的貢獻與影響 24 |
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| Hits | 495 |
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| Created date | 2014.07.01 |
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| Modified date | 2023.10.03 |
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