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從「虛空粉碎」論聖嚴禪法與泰國森林傳統的「開悟經驗」=A Discussion on the Enlightened Experience of Sheng-Yen’s Chan and Thai Forest Meditation Tradition, in Term of “The Space Shattering” (虛空粉碎) |
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釋覺心 (著)=Shi, Jue-xin (au.)
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| Source |
2021 第八屆漢傳佛教與聖嚴思想國際學術研討會
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| Date | 2021.06.30 |
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| Publisher | 財團法人聖嚴教育基金會 |
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| Publisher Url |
https://www.shengyen.org.tw/index.aspx?lang=cht
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| Location | 臺北, 臺灣 [Taipei, Taiwan] |
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| Content type | 會議論文=Proceeding Article |
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| Language | 中文=Chinese |
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| Keyword | 虛空粉碎=The Space Shattering; 聖嚴禪法=Sheng-Yen’s Chan Teaching; 泰國森林傳統=Thai Forest Meditation Tradition; 開悟=Enlightenment; 明心見性=Understand the Mind and See the Nature |
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| Abstract | 本文旨在從「虛空粉碎」一詞探討聖嚴法師如何在重視禪與教的脈絡下，選擇禪門語境來安立與詮釋開悟經驗，釐清「虛空粉碎」所代表的境界與意涵，並將之與當代泰國森林傳統的相似概念作一比較探討。
聖嚴法師（1931–2009）於2006 年創立中華禪法鼓宗。既然成「宗」，自然須在「教理」與「禪觀」上擁有一套完整的詮釋，而禪與天台在這方面扮演著重要的角色，誠如聖嚴法師所言︰「漢傳佛教的智慧，若以實修的廣大影響而言，當推禪宗為其巨擘；若以教觀義理的深入影響來說，則捨天台學便不能作第二家想。」據此，鄧偉仁指出聖嚴法師以天台思想作為「漢傳禪佛教」之教理與禪觀根基。儘管如此，針對禪者追求的「開悟」（禪宗亦稱之為「明心見性」）而言，聖嚴法師似乎並沒有用太多天台的概念來說明。陳英善在〈從「明心見性」論聖嚴禪法與天台止觀〉指出聖嚴法師對於「明心見性」的定義著墨甚少，認為須藉天台義理加以論述才明確周詳。這點引起筆者的疑問：聖嚴法師既然禪教並重，且甚明天台教理，何不藉之闡明「明心見性」？此為本文所探討的第一個問題。本文考其緣由，說明聖嚴法師基於「禪宗講求悟境，天台重視斷惑」之差異，加上個人的禪悟經驗，常用「虛空粉碎」來表達真實的「悟境」或「明心見性」。
接下來的問題是，「虛空粉碎」所指為何？本文考其源流，發現「虛空粉碎」這個詞乃禪門專用語，流行於明、清時代的禪宗語錄，天台著述中無法找到。然而禪宗語錄並沒有詳明此詞，唯獨聖嚴法師在許多著作中有明確的解釋，與「破心」、「無心」、「破疑團」、「爆炸」等概念有密切關係。因此，本文依據聖嚴法師的詮釋，釐清「虛空粉碎」所代表的境界與意義。
另外，在當代泰國森林傳統中，亦有採用類似於「虛空粉碎」之語來描述自己的開悟體驗者，如Ajahn Maha Boowa（1913–2011）所言：「感覺上就像整個宇宙與它一起掉下毀滅，大地、虛空同一刻粉碎。」漢傳佛教的聖嚴禪法（注重頓悟），與上座部佛教的泰國森林禪修傳統（注重禪定），何以對「開悟」有一致的用語？難道說「殊途同歸」？為此，本文將兩者作一比較探討，以確定其異同處。
The purposes of this thesis are: 1. to investigate how Venerable Sheng-yen, under thecontext of emphasizing both “Chan” (禪) and “doctrine” (教), chooses the context of chan to establish and interpret the enlightenment experience in term of “the space shattering” (虛空粉碎); 2.To clarify the meaning represented by the term; 3. distinguish it with similar concepts used in contemporary Thai forest traditions.
Venerable Sheng-yen (1931-2009) founded the Chinese Dharma Drum school of Chan (中華禪法鼓宗) in 2006. Since it has become a sect (宗) of Buddhism, it naturally needs to have a complete set of interpretations of “doctrine” and “Chan”. Thus, Chan and Tiantai schools play an important role in this case. As Venerable Sheng-yen said: “if the wisdom of Chinese Buddhism is concerned with its immense influence of practice, Chan should be deemed as the prime; but if we look at the profound influence of doctrines, there’s no second school without Tiantai. Accordingly, Prof. Teng Wei-jen pointed out that Venerable Sheng Yen took the ideology of Tiantai school as the foundation of “Chinese Chan Buddhism”. However, in terms of “Enlightenment” (開悟) pursued by Chan practitioners, Venerable Sheng-yen did not use too many concepts of Tiantai school to explain it. Prof. Chen Yingshan pointed out in her thesis “The discussion on the Chan teachings of Sheng-yen and Tiantai Zhi-Guan (止觀) from the perspective of understand the mind and see the nature (明心見性)” that the definition of “understand the mind and see the nature” (明心見性) given by Venerable Sheng-yen was very little, and she thought that it was necessary to discuss the Tiantai’s doctrines and theory to make it clear and comprehensive.
This leads me to the question: since venerable Sheng-yen emphasizes equal importance to “Chan” and “doctrine” and understands well Tiantai doctrine, why not he use it to elucidate “understand the mind and see the nature” (明心見性)? This is the first issue researched in this paper. I would like to examine the reasons and explain that venerable Sheng-yen, based on the difference between Chan school which emphasizes on enlightening state (悟境) and Tiantai School which emphasizes on elimination of confusion (斷惑), coupled with his personal enlightening experience, often use the term “the space shattering” (虛空粉碎) to explain the “enlightening state” (悟境).
The next question is, what does “the space shattering” (虛空粉碎) refer to? In this article, I would examine further its origins and found that “the space shattering” (虛空粉碎) is a special term for Chan, which was popular in the quotations of Chan school during Ming and Qing dynasties, and the term could not be found in the writings of Tiantai School. However, these quotations do not specify this term in detail. Only Master Sheng-yen has clear explanations in his books, which are closely related to the concepts of “smashed mind”(破心), “mindless” (無心), “shattering a knotty question” (破疑團), and “explosion” (爆炸). Therefore, this paper clarifies the state and significance represented by “the space shattering” (虛空粉碎), based on Master Shen |
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| Hits | 730 |
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| Created date | 2022.06.14 |
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