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清代僧錄司制度的建立與變化=The Establishment and Evolution of the Sangha Office in the Qing Dynasty |
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| Author |
曾堯民 (著)=Tseng, Yao-min (au.)
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| Source |
2023 第九屆漢傳佛教與聖嚴思想國際學術研討會
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| Date | 2023.06.29 |
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| Publisher | 財團法人聖嚴教育基金會 |
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| Publisher Url |
https://www.shengyen.org.tw/index.aspx?lang=cht
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| Location | 臺北, 臺灣 [Taipei, Taiwan] |
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| Content type | 會議論文=Proceeding Article |
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| Language | 中文=Chinese |
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| Keyword | 僧錄司=the Sangha Office; 僧官=Sangha official; 內務府=the Imperial Household Department; 正印=the Chief of the Sangha Office; 官寺=the official temple |
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| Abstract | 清代僧錄司的建立與發展立基於明代僧錄司的基礎，本文主要討論僧錄司所屬機構、官衙所在、人員遷轉與品秩等三個部分。僧錄司所屬機構在乾隆年間發生變化，由禮部轉至內務府，約在乾隆三十一年前。官衙所在地在順治朝延續著明代以來的設置，位於大隆善護國寺，康熙朝則移至正法寺，但雍正五年後，官衙是否仍在正法寺，或遷移他處，因未見記載，不能確定。乾隆朝時，僧錄司所屬機構移至內務府後，官衙是否有所變更？目前亦不能確定。
人員遷轉與品秩的部分，僧錄司最高僧官原為左善世，在雍正年間增設掌僧錄司印 務事，乾隆年間增設正印，取代左善世成為最高僧官，但左善世一職沒有廢除。左善世在內的八座品秩延續著明代的規劃，新增的掌僧錄司印務事、正印雖說位階更高，但沒有品秩。八座的遷轉規則是高階者出缺由低階者補任，如左善世出缺由右善世補；正印的遷轉規則是正印出缺由副印補，副印出缺由官寺住持補，各有其遷轉規則與範圍。
During the reign of Emperor Qianlong, there were changes in the affiliated institution of the Sangha Office. It was transferred from the Ministry of Rites to the Imperial Household Department, approximately before the 31st year of Emperor Qianlong's reign. The location of the government office continued from the Ming Dynasty, initially located at Dalongshan Huguo Temple during the Shunzhi reign and later moved to Zhengfa Temple during the Kangxi reign. However, it is uncertain whether the government office remained at Zhengfa Temple or was relocated elsewhere after the fifth year of the Yongzheng reign, as there are no recorded accounts. During the Qianlong reign, when the affiliated institution of the Sangha Office was transferred to the Imperial Household Department, it is also uncertain whether there were any changes in the location of the government office.
Regarding personnel transfers and ranks, the highest Sangha official of the Sangha Office was originally the Left Shanshi. During the Yongzheng reign, the Administrator of the Sangha Office was added, and the Chief of the Sangha Office was added in the Qianlong reign, the position of the Left Shanshi was replaced but was not disbanded. The official rank of eight positions, including Left Shanshi, followed the planning of the Ming Dynasty, but the newly added positions of Administrator of the Sangha Office and Chief of the Sangha Office did not have any official rank. The transfer rules for the eight positions dictated that vacancies at higher ranks would be filled by individuals at lower ranks. For example, when the Left Shanshi became vacant, it would be filled by Right Shanshi. As for the transfer rules of the Chief of the Sangha Office, a vacancy in the position would be filled by the Deputy Chief, and if the Deputy Chief position became vacant, it would be filled by the abbot of the official temple. Each position had its own specific rules and scope of transfer. |
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| Hits | 10 |
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| Created date | 2024.10.08 |
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| Modified date | 2024.10.08 |
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