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華嚴經教與彌陀信仰：清代淨土思想發展之一側面=Avatamsaka Sutra and Faith in Amitabha : A Study on Development of the Pure Land Thinking in Qing Dynasty |
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| Author |
吳孟謙 (著)=Wu, Meng-chien (au.)
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| Source |
2023 第九屆漢傳佛教與聖嚴思想國際學術研討會
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| Date | 2023.06.29 |
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| Publisher | 財團法人聖嚴教育基金會 |
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| Publisher Url |
https://www.shengyen.org.tw/index.aspx?lang=cht
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| Location | 臺北, 臺灣 [Taipei, Taiwan] |
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| Content type | 會議論文=Proceeding Article |
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| Language | 中文=Chinese |
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| Keyword | 清代佛教=Buddhism in Qing Dynasty; 華嚴=Huayan; 淨土=Pure Land; 彌陀信仰=Faith in Amitabha; 賢淨融合=he Fusion of Huayan and Pure Land Schools |
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| Abstract | 宋元以降，彌陀淨土信仰通過與各宗之融合而不斷擴大影響力，持名念佛法門遂成為各宗修行者共同實踐之法門，直至當代依然影響力深廣。其中，禪者兼修淨土而主張禪淨合一者，固然是多數；但若僅以天台、華嚴二教相互比勘，天台與淨土之融合最盛於宋，晚明時期相關著述亦相競而出，入清以後則其勢寖衰；而華嚴與淨土之融合，於宋代尚罕見其人，然自明末高僧雲棲祩宏(1535-1615)以華嚴教理闡述淨土經典以降，清代弘揚淨土之僧人、居士踵繼其後者甚多，於華嚴經教或引述、或融合，在理論與實踐上均頗有創發，實可視為清代佛教的重要特色之一，對民國以來中國淨土教之弘揚，影響甚深。這些論述的方法與意圖為何？不同個案之間有何關連？值得深入加以探討。故本論文欲聚焦於《華嚴》經教與彌陀淨土法門之交涉史，將清代佛教「賢淨融合」之情形，放在此一動態演變之思想脈絡中進行觀察、予以梳理，盼能對中國淨土教理史之研究做出貢獻。
From Song and Yuan Dynasties onwards, Pure Land Buddhism started incorporating different schools of Buddhism in China and through that, the influence of Pure Land Buddhism grew rapidly. Before long, the spillover effect had established Pure Land Buddhism as a common practice that Buddhists of all schools in China employed. Till this day, Pure Land Buddhism remains significant to East Asian countries. Among the schools that were incorporated by Pure Land Buddhism, Zen Buddhism was obviously the most popular one with a major following. Many Zen Buddhists employed the practice of Pure Land Buddhism and held the view that Zen and Pure Land Buddhism can be merged into one school. However, if we put Zen Buddhism aside and see how Pure Land Buddhism infiltrated other schools of Buddhism at that time, we see the other two schools that were greatly affected by it, namely Tiantai and Huayan Buddhism. The interactions between Tiantai and Pure Land Buddhism were substantial and reached the peak in Song Dynasty. Relevant research and teachings were published in the late Ming Dynasty. However, the popularity of the union of Tiantai and Pure Land Buddhism decayed in Qing Dynasty. In Song Dynasty, the idea of the fusion of Huayan and Pure Land Buddhism rarely got noticed. It was not until the renowned monk Yunqi Zhuhong’s successful attempt to understand Pure Land Buddhist sutras through the analysis on Avatamsaka Sutra that the concept of the fusion really took off. Yunqi Zhuhong’s insightful analysis had earned him a great number of followers. Many Pure Land Buddhists in Qing Dynasty promoted its school by quoting and incorporating Avatamsaka Sutra. The process of promotion sees many innovations in both the theory and practice of Pure Land Buddhism. This can be seemed as one of the most important characteristics of Buddhism in Qing Dynasty. It also has a great impact on Pure Land Buddhism promotion since the establishment of the Republic of China. What are the methods and intentions of these narrations? What are the connections between the cases? These questions deserved to be investigated. Therefore, in hopes of contributing to the research of the history of Chinese Pure Land Buddhism, this paper focuses on the history of interactions between Avatamsaka Sutra and Pure Land Buddhism and examine the fusion of both schools under the evolving development of this thinking transformation. |
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| Hits | 7 |
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| Created date | 2024.10.08 |
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| Modified date | 2024.10.08 |
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