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從《嘉興藏》的海內外流通再思考明清佛教的歷史地位=Reconsidering the Historical Status of Ming and Qing Buddhism from the Domestic and Oversea Circulation of "Jiaxing Zang" Sutra. |
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陳玉女 (著)=Chen, Yuh-neu (au.)
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| Source |
2023 第九屆漢傳佛教與聖嚴思想國際學術研討會
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| Date | 2023.06.30 |
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| Publisher | 財團法人聖嚴教育基金會 |
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| Publisher Url |
https://www.shengyen.org.tw/index.aspx?lang=cht
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| Location | 臺北, 臺灣 [Taipei, Taiwan] |
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| Content type | 會議論文=Proceeding Article |
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| Language | 中文=Chinese |
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| Keyword | 嘉興藏=Jiaxingzang sutra; 方冊藏=Fāngcè sutra; 徑山藏=Jiangshan sutra; 佛教=Buddhism; 東亞=East Asia; 明清時期=Ming-Qing dynasty、 |
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| Abstract | 明清佛教在傳統的研究裡，被視為中國佛教的末流，是不值得一顧的衰微時期。然而隨著 1980年代前後，晚明社會經濟的活絡受到中西研究者關注的同時，晚明四大師引領的佛教復興也引起學界諸多的興趣。直至目前，明清佛教，尤其與晚明清初相關的研究已累積一定的成果。不管在議題的開拓、文獻的挖掘或是問題的觀察，均有別於傳統的研究視野和範疇。其間，四大師之一的紫柏達觀（ 1543-1603），為了方便佛教的研究、促使佛法更為廣泛的流通倡導以文字般若弘揚佛法而大力推動私刻 大藏經，名為徑山藏、方冊藏或稱嘉興藏的佛教文化刊刻大事業，從事創新性的藏經行。《嘉興藏》刊刻前後長達兩個世紀之久，所涉及之人力、財力與物力，及其海內外流通之廣、影響之深，應非紫柏達觀原先所能想像。當今關注《嘉興藏》刊刻議題的學者雖然較往昔為多，但是將它視為晚明以來佛教復興之一環而深究其影響與意義者仍待努力。
十七、八世紀的明清及時之東亞，或稍後的十九世紀，乃至二十世紀初，不管在中國境內，或在日本、朝鮮、越南等屢見《嘉興藏》版佛書的流通及其覆刻本的販售。其商品化的市場流通，在在顯示明清《嘉興藏》的刊行，符應了東亞各國的佛教需求，不僅帶給東亞佛教圈在佛教傳播形式上具有跨越傳統框架的革命性突破，即方便快速於佛法訊息的傳遞，同時於佛學知識的吸納上，亦給予更為多元豐富的新著作。若把《嘉興藏》喻為十七、八世紀流通於東亞海域之間爭相請購的一顆明珠，亦不為過。而在近代西洋思想大舉傳入東亞、衝擊著東亞漢傳佛教之前，明清《嘉興藏》的刊刻與流通，或許可以說是繼隋唐佛教之後，再一波廣泛且深刻影響東亞佛教的創舉。故藉此再次反思晚明以來佛教復興的意涵，以及明清佛教在中國與東亞佛教發展的歷史地位，是本演講嘗試予以闡述的重點。
Ming and Qing Buddhism was regarded as the minor and declined stream of Chinese Buddhism; however, around the 1980s, the revitalization of the social economy in the late Ming Dynasty attracted the attention of Chinese and Western researchers. At the same time, the revival of Buddhism led by the four masters of the late Ming Dynasty also aroused a lot of interest in the academic circles. Until now, Ming and Qing Buddhism, especially the researches related to late Ming and early Qing has accumulated to certain level.
During this period, one of the four masters, Zibai Daguan (1543-1603), in order to facilitate the study and circulation of Buddhism, advocated the use of words as the mediator by promoting the private engraving of the sutras, namely the “Jingshan Zang”, “Fāngcè zang” or “Jiaxing Zang.” is a major Buddhist cultural publishing business, engaged in innovative publishing of Buddhist scriptures. The publication and circulation of "Jiaxing zang" lasted for two centuries with countless manpower, financial and material resources, which is far beyond of beyond the original imagination of Zibai Daguan.
In the Ming/Qing China and the contemporary East Asia including Japan, Korea, Vietnam, or later from the 19th century to even the early 20th century, the circulation and commercialization of Buddhist books in "Jiaxing zang" version were very popular as it met the demands of the local Buddhism in East Asian countries for the absorption and transmission of the religious information and knowledge. Before modern Western thought spread to East Asia and impacted Chinese Buddhism in East Asia, the publication and circulation of “Jiaxing Zang” in Ming and Qing Dynasties is actually the latest pioneering acts with a wide and profound impact on East Asian Buddhism after Sui and Tang Buddhism. |
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| Hits | 22 |
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| Created date | 2024.10.08 |
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| Modified date | 2024.10.08 |
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