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初期佛教生天思想研究
Author 黃慧英 (撰)
Date2003
Pages156
Publisher真理大學
Location臺北, 臺灣 [Taipei, Taiwan]
Content type博碩士論文=Thesis and Dissertation
Language中文=Chinese
Degreemaster
Institution真理大學
Department宗教學系碩士班
Advisor王開府
Publication year91
Keyword生天; 解脫; 涅槃; 次第說法
Abstract「人身難得,佛法難聞」一直是佛教界所強調的重要觀念,因天上太樂,惡趣太苦,所以根本無法在這些地方精進修行; 只有人間才是修學佛法的好地方,身為人才能聽聞佛法進而修行達到解脫生死的束縛. 然而,在《阿含經》中卻常可以看到佛陀對人開示藉布施,持戒等善行得以生天的教說,且與在家人有關的道德實踐也幾乎都與生天有關. 由此可見,生天雖尚未脫離三界輪迴,並非究竟之道,但佛陀還是很重視生天的. 本篇論文包含緒論與結論一分為五章. 第一章緒論的部分說明本文的研究動機與目的,範圍與方法,並介紹近人的研究成果及論文的架構. 第二章則從《吠陀》,《奧義書》等古印度聖典來追溯生天思想的源頭,並且論及其他異學對生天的觀點. 第三章一開始即說明初期佛教對歷來生天思想的批評,因佛教的生天思想雖是承襲印度自古以來就有的生天觀,但並沒原封不動地全盤接收,而是有其不認同處. 其次則討論初期佛教的諸天,及探討生天說法的對象,亦即佛陀對什麼人宣說生天之法,最後則論述要透過哪些修持才得以生天. 第四章主是就聲聞修道體系中的前三果來探究生天與解脫,涅槃的關聯. 第五章的結論則將初期佛教的生天思想作一總結,並敘述後續的研究方向.

It has been emphasized that the human realm is the perfect place to learn and practice Dharma, because there is too much pleasure in heaven and too much torture in woeful plane to practice Dharma hard,that is to say,only born to be human beings ,can we hear Dharma and practice it to get liberation. However,in Agama, we can often see that Buddha taught people the way to be reborn in heaven next life. Though being a god is not free from saMsAra yet,Buddha still stressed the preaching of rebirth in heaven.There are five chapters in this treatise. The first chapter includes the motive,range,researching way,structure of this study,and the harvests of the modern scholars’ research. The second chapter traces the thought of rebirth in heaven back to it’s origin from Veda and UpAniSad,and states other schools of the non-Buddhists’ point of view on rebirth in heaven. The third chapter expounds that Buddha criticized the prior thoughts of rebirth in heaven in Ancient India, describes the gods in early Buddhism,illuminates the objects whom Buddha preached rebirth in heaven,and clarifies the way to be reborn in heaven. The forth chapter explores the connection between the rebirth in heaven and liberation,nibbAna. The last chapter draws a conclusion and briefly depicts the directions of the further study in the further.
Table of contents第一章緒論 p1
第一節研究動機與目的p1
第二節研究範圍與方法p2
第三節近代研究成果述要p3
第四節論文架構p6
第二章生天思想探源與辨異p7
第一節古印度傳統的生天思想p8
一,《吠陀》本集p9
(一)天國思想p11
(二)祭祀與生天p14
二,《梵書》p15
三,《奧義書》p19
(一) 輪迴與生天,解脫p20
(二) 生至梵天解脫的方法p23
第二節異學的生天觀p26
一,六師外道p28
(一)富蘭迦葉(PUraNa Kassapa)p30
(二)末迦梨瞿舍梨子(Makkhali GosAla)p31
(三)刪闍耶毗羅胝子(SaJjaya BelaTThiputta)p33
(四)阿耆多枳舍欽婆羅(Ajita Kesakambala)p34
(五)迦羅拘陀迦栴延(Pakudha KaccAyana)p36
(六)尼乾陀若提子(NigaNtha Nataputta)p37
二,六派哲學p41
(一)數論派p42
(二)彌曼差p44
(三)勝論派p45
本章小結p48
第三章初期佛教生天思想的開展p50
第一節初期佛教對歷來生天思想的批評p.51
一,反對有「我」的生天說p51
二,非難殺生祭祀的生天說p53
三,呵責無益苦行的生天說p56
第二節 初期佛教的諸天p59
一,諸天的種類p60
二,諸天的特色p68
(一)壽命p69
(二)形象p70
(三)住處p72
(四)食物p73
三,諸天與佛陀及聲聞弟子的互動p75
第三節生天說法的對象p78
一,在家眾p79
二,出家眾p84
第四節生天的修行道p87
一,布施p88
二,持戒p91
三,其他倫理實踐p94
四,禪定p96
本章小結p100
第四章初期佛教生天與解脫,涅槃p103
第一節初期佛教的解脫,涅槃觀p104
一,語源p104
(一)解脫p105
(二)涅槃p105
二,早期經典中的解脫,涅槃觀p108
(一)解脫觀p109
(二)涅槃觀p114
第二節生天與解脫,涅槃的關聯p119
一,預流(SotApanna須陀洹)p120
(一)如實知見的預流p121
(二)四不壞淨的預流p123
(三)預流所斷煩惱及其三學成就p125
二,一來(SakadAgAmin斯陀含)p128
三,不還(AnAgAmin阿那含)p131
(一)所斷的煩惱p132
(二)三學的成就p133
本章小結p136
第五章結論p138
參考書目p143
Hits443
Created date2003.9.17
Modified date2023.04.13



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