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元、明時代回鶻文文獻與漢語近代音比較研究
Author 莊子儀 (撰)=Chuang, Tzu-Yi (compose)
Date2021
Publisher國立臺灣師範大學
Publisher Url https://www.ntnu.edu.tw/
Location臺北市, 臺灣 [Taipei shih, Taiwan]
Content type博碩士論文=Thesis and Dissertation
Language中文=Chinese
Degreedoctor
Institution國立臺灣師範大學
Department國文學系
Advisor吳聖雄
Publication year109
Keyword漢回對音=Uyghur-Chinese transliteration; 近代音=Early Mandarin; 華夷譯語=Uyghur; 對音研究=Dialogue Research; 回鶻文=Uighur
Abstract本文比較元、明時期的回鶻文文獻的漢語對音及漢語近代音,以歷史語言比較法研究漢語及回鶻語當中的語音現象。本文強調分類材料性質、檢視翻譯語與被翻譯語、分析對音層次等概念的重要性,並據此探析了元代的回鶻佛教文獻、契約類文獻、碑銘類文獻,以及明代的回鶻譯語類文獻。
  本文發現,文獻會因其性質的不同,影響其對音的表現。回鶻佛教類文獻反映的語音現象,明顯較同時代其他類型的文獻來得保守,並表現更多唐、五代西北方言的特色;相對而言,元代回鶻契約類、碑銘類文獻所反映的語音現象,則更接近《中原音韻》的格局。而佛教類文獻的內部,亦可進一步劃分出佛教注音及漢語借詞兩種類型的對音,這二者的語音表現亦存在若干差異,而佛教注音的語音現象最為保守、存古,包括大批鼻音聲母塞化、宕梗攝韻尾的丟失、唐陽韻開口字以圓唇元音來注音,以及保留入聲韻尾等。
  明代回鶻文獻,則反映了若干漢語語音現象,包括:1)聲母顎化;2)聲母捲舌音化;3)山攝唇音字異化;4)-m韻尾消變,且會與-n、-ŋ混淆;5)「昆」、「哈」等字讀音的改變。
  本文並指出,元代以降的回鶻文文獻中,存在回鶻語「t>d/詞間」的音變規律;這個規律不僅出現在回鶻語內部,亦影響了漢回對音的表現。

This study uses the historical language comparison method to study the phonetic phenomena in Early Mandarin and Uyghur literature in the Yuan and Ming dynasties. The study emphasizes the importance of classifying the nature of the material, examining the translated language and the target language, and analyzing the phonetic evolution layers. Based on this, it analyzes the Uyghur Buddhist literatures, contract literatures, inscription literatures of the Yuan Dynasty, and The Uyghur translated language literatures of the Ming Dynasty.
This study finds that the literature will affect its phonetic phenomenon due to its different nature. The phonetic phenomenon reflected in Uyghur Buddhist literatures is obviously more conservative than other types of literatures of the same period, and shows more characteristics of northwestern dialects in the Tang and Five Dynasties. In contrast, the phonetic phenomenon in Uyghur contracts and inscriptions in the Yuan Dynasty is closer to the pattern of "Zhongyuan Yinyun(《中原音韻》)". In Buddhist literature, two types of phonetic transliteration can be further divided into Buddhist phonetic annotation and Chinese loanwords. There are also some differences in the phonetic performance of the two. In these literatures, the phonetic phenomenon of Buddhist phonetic annotation is the most conservative, such as the initials denasalizated, the loss of syllable codas in 宕、梗rhymes, 唐、陽rhymes that with unrounded vowels are translated into round vowels, and the entering rhyme codas are retained.
The Uyghur literature in the Ming Dynasty reflected a number of Chinese phonetic phenomena, including: 1) palatalization of initial consonants; 2) retroflexion of initial consonants; 3) the labial dissimilation occurs in 山rhymes; 4) the coda -m could be mixed with -n, -ŋ; 5) The pronunciation of 坤 and 哈 are changed.
This study also finds a Uyghur language sound law of "t>d/between words" in the Uyghur literature after the Yuan Dynasty; this law also affects the translation between Uyghur and Chinese.
Table of contents第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究背景 1
第二節 文獻探討 2
第三節 本文的研究方法 9
第四節 本文所使用的材料 10
一、元代回鶻文文獻 11
二、明代回鶻文文獻 12
三、本文的研究限制 18

第二章 回鶻語史及回鶻文獻概述 21
第一節 回鶻民族史概述 21
第二節 回鶻語史概述 30
一、回鶻語與回鶻文的關係 30
二、突厥語的系屬 31
三、突厥語族的分類 33
四、突厥語的歷史分期與古突厥語文獻的語言分類 37
第三節 回鶻語言與文字概述 43
一、回鶻語音格局概述 43
二、回鶻文文字系統概述 48
三、本文所使用的轉寫符號 50
第四節 回鶻文獻的年代考定 52

第三章 元代回鶻文獻所反映的漢語語音現象 57
第一節 佛教文獻中的漢回對音 57
一、聲母 57
二、韻母 80
三、注音類文獻中的同質性與異質性 118
第二節 契約類文書及碑銘中的漢回對音 121
一、聲母 123
二、韻母 133
第三節 本章小結 145

第四章 明代回鶻文獻所反映的漢語語音現象 147
第一節 〈高昌館課〉中的漢回對音 147
一、聲母 148
二、韻母 153
第二節 〈高昌館雜字〉中的漢回對音 159
第三節 〈畏兀兒館譯語〉中的漢回對音 184
一、聲母 185
二、韻母 198
第四節 本章小結 220

第五章 結論 222
參考資料(依作者筆畫順序排列) 225
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Created date2021.11.02
Modified date2023.01.17



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