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《雜阿含經》第98、265經與對應巴利語經注之研究——兼論其環境譬喻=A Study of the Saṃyukta-āgama Discourses 98 and 265 with Parallel Pāli Aṭṭhakathā --with Special Focus on the Similes of Environment
Author 王佳儒 (著)=Wang, Jia-ru (au.)
Date2020
Pages1 - 100
Publisher法鼓文理學院
Publisher Url https://www.dila.edu.tw/
Location新北市, 臺灣 [New Taipei City, Taiwan]
Content type博碩士論文=Thesis and Dissertation
Language中文=Chinese
Degreemaster
Institution法鼓文理學院
Department佛教學系
Advisor釋見弘
Publication year108
Keyword雜阿含經=yukta-ā; 相應部=yutta Nikā; 相應部注=hakathā; 265經=Discourse 265; 98經=Discourse 98; 環境譬喻=environmental similes
Abstract《雜阿含經》第98經與第265經使用環境譬喻論述法義及思想。第98經的說法對象為耕田婆羅豆婆遮婆羅門,說法地點為婆羅門的施食處,根據《相應部注》,這個時間點不是平日的施食,而是特殊的慶典活動,世尊前往此慶典乞食而婆羅門對於世尊的托缽乞食提出質疑,世尊由此質疑回答耕作的方法。學者或研究者將世尊所回答的耕作方法詮釋為「耕心田」,著重於「心」的重要性。本文嘗試由《相應部注》的詮釋,了解世尊使用環境譬喻於耕作方法中所蘊涵的思想。
第265經的說法對象為比丘,第265經的說法地點為恒河岸,根據《相應部注》,世尊觀察恒河,由恒河中的泡沫觸發說明五蘊的動機。關於此篇經文的聚沫、水泡、陽燄、芭蕉,後世學者或研究者多由「空」義或「無常」給予詮釋。本文嘗試由《相應部注》的詮釋,了解世尊以聚沫、水泡、陽燄、芭蕉的環境譬喻所具有的思想。
本文首先對於《雜阿含經》第98經與第265經進行校釋,然後將其對應經文《相應部7.11經》與《相應部22.95經》的《相應部注》及部份《相應部疏》中譯,由《相應部注》的詮釋內容了解《雜阿含經》第98經與第265經的環境譬喻,尚未形成「環境觀」的思想理路,但或許可初步了解初期佛教的環境思想之一為著眼於「智慧」與「無實質性」。

The Saṃyukta-āgama Discourses 98 and 265 emphasize environmental similes to discuss dharma and ideas. The object of Discourse 98 is the brahmin Kasi Bhāradvāja, and this occasion according to Spk was not an ordinary work day but a special festival. At the food distribution, the brahmin criticizes the Buddha for living as a parasite. The Buddha rejects this charge, declaring that he does in fact plow and sow. Scholars or researchers stress that the Buddha uses the terminology of agriculture to describe his process of spiritual training as “farming heart field.” This thesis attempts to understand the ideas implied in the farming method by the Blessed One's use of environment similes from Aṭṭhakathā.
About the Discourse 265, according to Spk, the Blessed One sat down by the bank of the Ganges. He saw a great lump of foam coming downstream and thought, “I will give a Dhamma talk relating to the five aggregates.” Then he addressed the bhikkhus sitting around him. With its striking similes for the empty, insubstantial nature of the aggregates, especially the similes of the mirage and the magical illusion, later Buddhist thinkers focus on the empty nature of conditioned phenomena. This thesis tries to study the ideas implied in a lump of foam (pheṇapiṇḍa), a bubble (bubbuḷa), a mirage (marīcikā), a plantain trunk (kadalikkhandha) from Aṭṭhakathā to understand the environmental thoughts expounded by the Blessed One.
First of all, proofread and annotate the Saṃyukta-āgama Discourses 98 and 265 with the corresponding counterparts in the parallel Pāli Saṃyutta Nikāya, and different versions of ancient Chinese translations. Then, proofread and annotate Aṭṭhakathā with Chaṭṭha Saṅgāyana Tipiṭaka Version 4.0, Pali Text Society and Saṃyutta Nikāya-ṭīkā. Translate Aṭṭhakathā into Chinese and analysize the interpretation. By the environment similes, maybe we can come to a conclusion that one of the environmental thoughts in primitive Buddhism is to focus on "wisdom" and "insubstantial."
Table of contents中文摘要 I
英文摘要 II
第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究動機與目的 1
一、研究動機 1
二、研究目的與問題 3
第二節 研究方法與範圍 3
一、研究方法 3
二、研究範圍 3
第三節 文獻回顧 9
一、《雜阿含經》之世間觀 9
二、初期佛教環境思想文獻研究 19
三、《雜阿含經》第98經相關文獻研究 20
四、《雜阿含經》第265經相關文獻研究 22
第二章 《雜阿含經》第98經校注及環境譬喻分析 23
第一節 《雜阿含經》第98經校釋 23
一、校釋 23
二、環境用詞 27
第二節 《相應部注》校注及中譯 28
一、信心是種子 29
二、苦行是雨 31
三、智慧是軛與犁 32
四、慚是轅桿 35
五、意是繫繩 36
六、念是犁鏵與刺棒 37
七、執行真理是割草 39
八、精進是荷駄牛 41
第三節 《相應部注》環境譬喻分析 43
一、《相應部注》內容 43
二、以「智慧」為核心 46
第三章 《雜阿含經》第265經校注及環境譬喻分析 46
第一節 《雜阿含經》第265經校釋 46
第二節 《相應部注》校注及中譯 52
前言 52
一、色蘊的觀察:觀色如聚沫 53
二、受蘊的觀察:受如水上泡 56
三、想的觀察:想如春時燄 58
四、行的觀察:諸行如芭蕉 59
第三節 《相應部注》環境譬喻分析 61
一、沒有實質的(nissāra, asāra, asāraka)的討論 61
二、破壞(bhijjati)的討論 66
三、想(saññā)的討論 69
第四章 結論 74
參考文獻 75
佛教藏經或原典文獻 75
一、藏經 75
二、原典文獻 77
中日文專書、論文或網路資源等 78
西文專書、論文或網路資源等 80
附錄 81
附錄一 略語表 81
附錄二 《雜阿含經》世間相關經文 83
附錄三 《相應部7.11經》中譯 93
附錄四 《相應部22.95經》中譯 96
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Created date2022.06.17
Modified date2023.01.07



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