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靜思僧團的修行與志業=The Vocation and Cultivation of the Tzuchi Jingsi Sangha
Author 張依婷 (著)=釋德澧 (au.)
Date2023
Pages138
Publisher慈濟大學宗教與人文研究所碩士班
Publisher Url https://religion.tcu.edu.tw/
Location花蓮市, 臺灣 [Hualien shih, Taiwan]
Content type博碩士論文=Thesis and Dissertation
Language中文=Chinese
Degreemaster
Institution慈濟大學
Department宗教與人文研究所碩士班
Advisor郭莉娟=Kuo, Li-chuan, 簡玟玲=Jane, Wen-ling
Publication year112
Keyword佛教=Buddhism; 證嚴上人=Master Cheng Yen; 慈濟=Tzuchi; 慈濟宗=Tzuchi Sect; 靜思僧團=Jingsi Sangha; 修行=Practice; 法脈宗門=Dharma Lineage and Sects; 付出=Selfless Giving
Abstract 本論文以花蓮靜思僧團為研究對象,探討其修行方式與實踐動力。藉由文獻資料統整、分析與半結構式訪談之研究方法,揭示僧侶背後的修道觀,修行實踐的深層意義。首先,在文獻資料方面,簡要陳述佛教發展歷程,並梳理證嚴上人之修行理念,從而影響創辦佛教慈濟功德會與靜思僧團,僧團人人投入慈濟志業,法脈與宗門於焉展開。第三章揭示慈濟宗門修行法門,由《大智度論》布施度圓滿六度,加上《無量義經》、《法華經》作為學理基礎,導出上人所教「付出無所求,還要感恩」作為慈濟宗之修行方式。
修行不離俗世,第四章以靜思僧團的法師為研究對象,共計訪談21位。再以內容分析法分析逐字稿,歸納出靜思僧侶其修行之歷程為走入佛門、學習之道、修行之道,最終走上成佛之道。本論文發現法師們走入佛門分為「苦入」與「悲入」因緣。因「照見靜思僧團」中「證嚴上人」流露出慈悲與智慧;「常住修行者」付出利他之心行;「生活方式」環保、簡樸與護生;自力耕生和行菩薩道助人等「道風」而選擇靜思僧團修行。其次,在僧團中法師們的學習之道係以慈悲與智慧為核心,其中有動態式向人「典範學習」,與靜態式「從證嚴上人開示佛典中聞薰習」。而修行之道,則是有三個方式,「以事顯理,持善念」、「入群利他,滌心垢」、「道在日常,思惟修」。最後,成佛之道以「靜思(僧團)成為慈濟(志業)的後盾」和「為佛教為眾生」為核心價值觀,並「時刻利他與人結好緣」、「度眾」、「隨份隨力發揮生命為人群奉獻」等價值觀;同時發起廣大悲願,如「我等與眾生皆共成佛道」和「生生世世願再來」。
本論文呈現靜思僧團修行方式為「以身為舟、以法為度、以願為導」對應大乘佛法之心髓「菩提心、法空慧、大悲心」。同時,靜思僧團藉由慈濟志業實踐修行理想;藉由僧團事、慈濟事淬煉修行心志。靜思僧團修行與志業體用合一,藉由付出圓滿六度,走向成佛之道。

This research explores the way of spiritual practice and motivations of the Jingsi Sangha in Hualien through a combination of literature review, analysis, and semi-structured interviews. The study aims to reveal the ideological foundations of the monastic community and the profound significance of their practice. The paper begins by providing an overview of the development of Buddhism and the practice principles of Master Cheng Yen, which have shaped the establishment of the Buddhist Tzuchi Foundation and the Jingsi Sangha. The commitment of every individual in the sangha to Tzuchi vocation has led to the flourishing of the Jingsi dharma lineage and Tzuchi sect. Chapter 3 delves into the practice methods of the Tzu Chi sect, which involves practicing charity to accomplish the Six Paramitas as expounded in the Mahāprajñāpāramitopadeśa, plus the Lotus Sutra and the Infinite Meanings Sutra as theoretical foundations.
Chapter 4 is dedicated to conducting qualitative interviews with the Jingsi Sangha’s bhikkhunis. The study encompasses a total of 21 interviewees. The journey of these bhikkhunis includes three stages: becoming a Buddhist, learning the way, practicing the way, and eventually embarking on the path to enlightenment. The study reveals that they become bhikkhunis due to either suffering or compassion, and they choose Jingsi Sangha for various reasons, such as Master Cheng Yen’s compassion and wisdom; resident bhikkhunis’ altruistic actions; the life style of environmental protection, simplicity, and animal protection; self-reliance, and practicing the bodhisattva path to helping living beings. Furthermore, in the sangha, bhikkhunis’ learning is centered on compassion and wisdom, including dynamic “learning from role models” and static “learning from Master Cheng Yen’s sutra teachings”. The study identifies three ways of spiritual practice: “to hold good thoughts through revealing principles with real issues”, “to purify the mind through helping others”, and “to meditate through daily truth”. Ultimately, enlightenment comes with two core values: “Jingsi (Sangha) is backing up Tzuchi charity” and “dedication to Buddhism and to living beings”.
This paper characterizes the practice method of Jingsi Sangha as “using own body as a vessel, using the Dharma as a tool, using aspiration as a guide” to match the essence of Mahayana Buddhism: “Bodhicitta, Wisdom Dharmakaya, and Great Compassion.” The study also reveals that Jingsi Sangha cultivates itself by working on Tzuchi charitable mission and by coordinating among bhikkhunis.
Table of contents第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究動機與目的 1
壹、研究背景與動機:追尋修行之道 1
貳、研究目的與問題 2
第二節 文獻探討 3
壹、佛教僧團的演變 3
貳、現代僧侶與僧團研究 5
參、慈濟教團修行法門 10
第三節 研究設計與實施 15
壹、研究場域 15
貳、研究對象 15
參、資料收集與分析 18
肆、研究品質的檢核 20
第四節 論文架構安排 22
第二章 靜思僧團發展簡介 24
第一節 證嚴上人早年聞思修歷程 24
壹、證嚴上人早年成長經歷 25
貳、證嚴上人收弟子之因緣 26
第二節 證嚴上人之修行理念 30
壹、上人的人格特質:忘己為人、盡其在我 31
貳、「為佛教」:自力耕生、四克精神、佛法生活化 33
參、「為眾生」:任重道遠、創辦慈濟、菩薩人間化 35
第三節 佛教克難慈濟功德會成立之因緣 36
壹、「三事因緣」 36
貳、「二善因緣」 38
參、「三事二因」成立「佛教克難慈濟功德會」 39
第四節 靜思僧團之修行特色 41
壹、靜思僧團支撐慈濟功德會的日常用度 41
貳、靜思僧團入人群做慈濟之日常 42
參、靜思僧團做為慈濟的後盾(靠山) 45
第五節 靜思法脈與慈濟宗門之關係 46
壹、法脈與宗門的組織架構:三千大千世界的立體琉璃同心圓 46
貳、法脈與宗門的組織架構:粽串與四法四門四合一 48
參、粽串精神:人人傳法脈 50
第三章 慈濟宗之修行方式——「付出無所求,還要感恩」 52
第一節 付出法門即是布施度 53
第二節 布施能開無量佛道 54
壹、諸佛皆說布施法 54
貳、布施引導究竟成佛 55
第三節 以布施度圓滿六度 57
壹、路徑一:布施生般若 57
貳、路徑二:布施能成「五眾德」,入「菩薩位」 57
參、路徑三:一念中行六度 58
肆、路徑四:布施度統攝六度 59
第四節 檀波羅蜜與慈濟宗之修行法門 60
壹、檀(布施)波羅蜜 60
貳、慈濟宗實踐布施波羅蜜之道:「付出無所求,還要說感恩。」 61
參、慈濟宗的修行實踐 62
第四章 訪談研究發現與分析:以身為舟、以法為度、以願為導 68
第一節 走入佛門 68
壹、出家因緣 69
貳、照見靜思僧團 76
第二節 學習之道:以慈悲、智慧為核心 82
壹、典範學習 82
貳、從證嚴上人開示佛典中聞薰習 86
第三節 修行之道:工作即行道,工廠即道場 89
壹、以事顯理,持善念 90
貳、入群利他,滌心垢(藉事練心) 92
參、道在日常,思惟修(保持道心) 95
第四節 成佛之道:付出無所求,直至「菩薩道的盡頭」 99
壹、菩薩道的信仰與實踐:為人群付出 100
貳、廣大悲願 107
第五節 小結 112
第五章 結論與建議 116
第一節 研究結論 116
壹、靜思僧團修行方式為「工作即行道,工廠即道場」中「做中學、學中覺、覺中悟」 116
貳、靜思僧團以菩薩道信仰為核心:修行踐履為法脈宗門之結合與菩薩三聚淨戒的實踐 117
參、靜思僧團以《無量義經》與《法華經》要義實踐於日常 118
第二節 研究應用與建議 119
壹、僧侶世代差異之探究 119
貳、修行者轉化機制的探索 120
參、研究者反身性思考 120
參考文獻 122
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Created date2024.04.12
Modified date2024.04.12



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