亂世與義邑 -- 西魏大統十三年〈杜照賢造像記〉考釋=Confused World and Buddhist Community: Textual Criticism and Interpretation of the Tu, Chao Hsien Relief Account (AD. 547)

杜正宇 (著)=Tu, Cheng-yu (au.)

Author

杜正宇 (著)=Tu, Cheng-yu (au.)

Source

圓光佛學學報=Yuan Kuang Journal of Buddhist Studies

Volume

n.17

Date

2011.08

Pages

29 - 64

Publisher

圓光佛學研究所=Yuan Kuang Buddhist College

Publisher Url

http://www.ykbi.edu.tw/

Location

桃園縣, 臺灣 [Taoyuean hsien, Taiwan]

Content type

期刊論文=Journal Article

Language

中文=Chinese

Keyword

佛教義邑=Buddhist Yi-Society; 石刻造像=Relief Inscription; 北朝=Northern Dynasties; 侯景之亂; 世族=Aristocratic Family

Abstract

過去學界多認為佛教義邑是寺院、地主剝削群眾的組織，或僅代表鄉村與民間的傳教活動。不過，西魏大統十三年的〈杜照賢造像記〉，卻是一個官方主導的例證。陽翟佛邑的組成以軍人為主，而京兆杜氏鎮守於此，又是緣於侯景之亂。在東魏舉兵來犯之際，西魏守軍面對著孤軍受圍的情勢，不但結成義邑，更展現出既無外援，亦無叛者的信念。觀〈杜照賢造像記〉四面組織，南面為當地軍官；北面為因分兵而散處前線的杜氏宗族；東面為在內地任官的杜氏宗族；西面則疑以當地居民為主。可見佛教義邑就是將京兆杜氏與當地人們，納入同一群體的方法。陽翟義邑不但具有官方色彩，有助於建立共同體意識，甚至國家認同。

In the past, the academic circle used to regard Buddhist “Yi-Society”, a religious form organized by a group of people, as an organization arranged by monasteries or landlords for preying on populace, or just a civil religious propagation unit, but now, the Tu, Chao Hsien Relief Account (AD. 547) could overturn these opinions. Yang Chai Yi-Society was actually related to military, and Ching Chao Tus guarded there because of the upheaval of Hou, Ching. When the army of Eastern Wei assaulted Yang Chai, the Tus organized Yi-Society and fought back without surrender.
If we check the Relief’s lists, we can find out that the South was the leading officials, the North represented the Tus who fought in the neighborhood areas, the East symbolized the Tus who took office in the Western Wei, and the West was the residents of Yang Chai. For cohering the Tus and the inhabitants, Yi-Society could strength not only the identification of local community, clan, or region, but also the concept of a nation. As a result, Yang Chai Yi-Society should not be considered civil, and it was actually related to the authorities.

Table of contents

一、前言 32
二、〈杜照賢造像記〉的時空背景 34
三、〈杜照賢造像記〉的組織成員與代表意義 42
四、〈杜照賢造像記〉與觀世音信仰 51
五、結論 57

ISSN

16086848 (P)

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