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“불교는 철학적 종교” : 이노우에 엔료(井上円了)의 ‘근대일본불교’ 만들기=“Buddhism as a philosophical religion”: Inoue Enryō and a project of making Modern Japanese Buddhism
Author 송현주 (著)=Song, Hyun-ju (au.)
Source 불교연구=佛教研究=Bulgyo-Yongu
Volumev.41 n.0
Date2014.08.30
Pages299 - 353
Publisher韓國佛教研究院
Publisher Url http://kibs.or.kr/xe/
LocationKorea [韓國]
Content type期刊論文=Journal Article
Language韓文=Korean
Note저자정보: 순천향대학교
Keyword이노우에 엔료=Inoue Enryō; 근대적 종교=modern religion; 불교는 철학적 종교=Buddhism as a philosophical religion; 신판석=a new hermeneutics of Buddhism; 종교신론=a new theory of religion
Abstract일본의 메이지시기 대표적 불교사상가의 한 사람인 이노우에 엔료(井上円了, 1858~1919)는 일본불교를 새로 정의함으로써 ‘불교의 근대화(modernization)’라는 과제를 수행하고자 했다. 그의 사상적 업적의 하나는 ‘불교는 철학적 종교'라는 명제 혹은 담론의 체계화이다. 본 논문은 이 명제의 배경과 논리, 의미와 영향 등에 대해 살펴보았다. 신불분리(神佛分離)와 폐불훼석(廢佛毁釋)으로 침체된 불교는 자신을 근대적이며 국가에 유익한 종교로 보일 필요가 있었다. 또 서구문명과 함께 유입된 ‘철학', ‘과학' 등의 신조어와 기독교를 모델로 하는 ‘종교' 개념은 ‘불교가 종교인가 철학인가?' 등의 논쟁을 낳았다. 엔료의 ‘근대일본불교 만들기'는 불교를 당시의 보편적 진리의 표준인 철학․과학과 부합하는 종교로 설명함으로써 하나의 ‘근대적 종교(a modern religion)'로 만들기 위한 해석학적 노력이었다. 이를 위해 한편으로는 ‘철학'과 연대하고, 다른 한편으로는 기독교 중심의 ‘종교' 개념의 외연을 넓히는 두 가지 전략을 사용하였다. 그것이 그의 ‘신판석(新判釋)'과 ‘종교신론(宗敎新論)'이었다. ‘불교는 철학적 종교'임을 뒷받침하는 논리로는 1) 불교는 철학․과학과 부합함, 2) 불교의 절반은 철학이며, 불교사는 철학사와 유사함, 3) 종교는 철학의 응용이라는 점을 들었다. 엔료의 사상의 영향은 중국의 양계초와 한국의 한용운 등에서 살펴볼 수 있다.

Inoue Enryō(1858-1919) was one of the most influential Buddhist thinkers in the Meiji period(1868-1912) of Japan. With the Meiji Restoration, Buddhism lost its traditional power and meaning. It faced a crisis of extinction by the policy of Meiji government. By importing Western civilization, new classifications of scholastic disciplines, cultural categories and terms like ‘philosophy', ‘science' and ‘religion' were introduced and they caused a confusion and challenge to the Meiji intellectuals. Japanese Buddhism had to prove that Buddhism was a rational and modern religion which had a value for society and nation. It had to solve the conflicts and contradictions arisen between Buddhism and those western terms. As a reformist and revivalist of Buddhism, Inoue Enryō devoted his life to make Japanese Buddhism as modern and acceptable to the Japanese. For this aim, he made various efforts and contributions. One of those was the making of a thesis such as “Buddhism as a philosophical religion". This study examines the main logical structure, contents and meaning of that thesis. It can be esteemed as a new version of ‘the critical classification of teachings(敎相判釋)'. Inoue Enryō himself called his work as ‘a new hermeneutics of Buddhism(新判釋)' and ‘a new theory of religion(宗敎新論)'. In the thesis, the strategies for Inoue Enryō to make Japanese Buddhism as a modern religion were twofold. On the one hand, he explained Buddhism by the terms of philosophy and revaluated Buddhism to correspond with the truth of science and philosophy and to be superior to Christianity. On the other hand, he enlarged the scope and changed the meaning of ‘religion' which was centering around Christianity. His idea aided to defend Japanese Buddhism and provided a theoretical basis to resist the danger of distortion caused by the concept of ‘religion' and the threat of Christianity. We can find the influence of Inoue Enryō in China and Korea, especially in the work of Liang Qichao(梁啓超) and Han Yongwoon(韓龍雲).

Table of contentsⅠ. 왜 이노우에 엔료인가? 301
Ⅱ. 엔료의 생애와 시대적 과제 308
Ⅲ. 일본불교에 대한 근대적 재해석 312
1. ‘철학', ‘과학', ‘종교' 개념의 유입과 번역어의 탄생 313
2. ‘신판석(新判釋)'과 ‘종교신론(宗敎新論)' 318
3. 서양철학을 통한 불교의 재정의(re-definition): ‘불교는 철학적 종교' 323
Ⅳ. 결론: 영향과 평가 337
ISSN12253154 (P)
Hits77
Created date2022.01.16
Modified date2022.01.16



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