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網格對熱點分析的影響－以臺灣寺廟分佈為例=Effect of Grid Size on Hot Spot Analysis:A Case Study of Temple Distribution in Taiwan |
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| Author |
范敏瀾 (撰)
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| Date | 2021 |
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| Pages | 93 |
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| Publisher | 國立嘉義大學 |
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| Publisher Url |
https://www.ncyu.edu.tw/
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| Location | 嘉義市, 臺灣 [Chia-i shih, Taiwan] |
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| Content type | 博碩士論文=Thesis and Dissertation |
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| Language | 中文=Chinese |
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| Degree | master |
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| Institution | 國立嘉義大學 |
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| Department | 應用歷史學系研究所 |
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| Advisor | 李佩倫、談珮華 |
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| Publication year | 110 |
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| Keyword | 地理資訊系統=geographic information systems; 熱區圖=hotspot analysis; 熱點分析=heatmap; 最近鄰採樣分析=nearest neighbor analysis; 網格尺寸=grid size |
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| Abstract | 近年來地理資訊系統日益成熟，各領域利用地理資訊系統分析與保存大量數據、文字及圖像資料等，相關議題包含自然環境、社會人文和日常相關等與地理區域有關的議題。在大量數據的空間分析裡，熱點分析是常使用的分析法，然而如何採樣決定了輸出之成果，故本研究期由網格尺寸對熱點分析的影響來判釋點位資料的分佈特性與最適取樣網格大小之關係。
本研究資料來源為政府開放平臺寺廟地點，取得臺灣數量前九名神明的分佈做相關分析，利用QGIS軟體進行不同網格大小取樣的熱區分佈圖，經由點位圖及面量圖等主題地圖、最近鄰採樣分析的輔助判釋，以了解熱點分析的網格之最適尺寸及台灣寺廟分佈與地理空間的特性。
研究結果顯示：本研究採樣的九名神明寺廟在最近鄰採樣分析之最近鄰指標、Z值都<1，為顯著的群聚分佈。土地公、王爺千歲寺廟的Z值在-40到-55間，群聚最明顯，其次是媽祖、釋迦牟尼、觀音菩薩、玄天上帝寺廟的Z值在-30到-40間，關聖帝君、保生大帝、中壇元帥寺廟的Z值在-15到-30間，群聚較不明顯。熱區圖以最近鄰採樣分析的「預期平均距離」值是最適合做為選取半徑的依據，其可顯示最佳的熱區圖，若是Z值負值數字越大，代表群聚越集中，選取的網格半徑可以較為彈性。如土地公寺廟的「預期平均距離」約5.8km，以2km、5km、7km、10km的熱區圖來看，最佳表現則是半徑7km的較能顯示熱點的分佈，但以5km、6km、7km的取樣結果均不影響熱區圖的展現。
在熱區圖分佈上，土地公、關聖帝君、釋迦牟尼佛寺廟主要分佈在北部地區，中壇元帥、王爺千歲、玄天上帝、保生大帝、媽祖、觀音菩薩寺廟分佈在南部地區。其中王爺千歲、保生大帝的寺廟又特別集中在西部沿海地區，玄天上帝、媽祖的寺廟則分佈西部丘陵帶。
核密度推估法與Getis-OrdGi演算法兩種熱點分析對照，所呈現的熱區地區有些差異，因此建議可先由平均最近鄰分析後，獲得預期的平均距離，再採用Z值之參考數據後，選擇適合的網格半徑，較符合研究需求。
Recently geographic information systems (GIS) have been widely used to analyze and preserve large amounts of data, text, and image in various fields related to physical geography, humanities and social sciences. Hotspot analysis is commonly applied in the spatial analysis of large amounts of data; however, the associated result is greatly determined by the sample method. Therefore, this study aims to explore the effect of grid size on the spatial distribution of temples in Taiwan through the hotspot analysis.
The data source of this study was temple sites in the Government open data. The distribution of the top nine deities in Taiwan was obtained for related analysis. The hotspot distribution map with samples of different grid sizes was conducted by QGIS software. The geospatial characteristics of temples in Taiwan were analyzed through thematic maps such as point location maps, choropleth map, and the nearest neighbor analysis.
The results show that the Nearest Neighbor Index (NNI) and Z values of the temples of top nine deities in the nearest neighbor analysis were all less than 1, which indicated an intense clustering. The Z values of Tudi Gong, Wangye had the mostly significant clustering with the range of -40 to -55, followed by those of Ma Zu, Sakyamuni, Guanyin, and Xuantian Shandi with the range of -30 to -40, and those of Holy Emperor Guan, Baosheng Emperor, and Zhongtan Yuanshuai with the range of -15 to -30. The ""expected average distance"" obtained from the nearest neighbor analysis was the most suitable radius for the performance of the heatmap. As the absolute value of Z is larger, the clustering distribution is more concentrated and the selection of grid size is more flexible. For example, the expected average distance of the Tudi Gong was about
5.8 km and the grid size with the radius of 7 km performed best in the hostspot distribution; however, the grid size with the radius of 5 km or 6 km also had similar distribution. In the distribution of the heatmap,
the Tudi Gong, Holy Emperor Guan, and Sakyamuni are mainly distributed in the northern region, while Zhongtan Yuanshuai, Wangye, Xuantian shandi, Baosheng Emperor, Ma Zu, and Guanyin are distributed in the southern region. Among them, Wangye and Baosheng Emperor are particularly concentrated in the western coastal areas, while Xuantian shandi and Ma Zu are distributed in the western hilly areas.
The results of kernel density estimation and the
Getis-OrdGi algorithm were slightly different in the distribution of hotspot areas. It suggests that the nearest neighbor analysis should be firstly conducted to obtain the expected average distance, then the grid size with optimal radius could be determined based on the Z values for further study. |
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| Table of contents | 摘要 i
誌謝 iv
目次 v
圖目錄 vi
表目錄 x
第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究動機與目的 2
第二節 研究範圍與限制 4
第二章 文獻回顧 7
第一節 地理資訊系統應用 7
第二節 空間趨勢與熱點分析 10
第三節 網格分析 13
第三章 研究方法 16
第一節 資料蒐集及篩選 16
第二節 分析方式 18
第四章 研究結果 22
第一節 九大神明寺廟點位圖 22
第二節 九大神明寺廟鄉鎮市面量圖 29
第三節 九大神明寺廟最近鄰分析圖 35
第四節 九大神明寺廟熱區圖 42
第五節 不同演算法的熱區圖比較 82
第五章 結論 88
參考文獻 90 |
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| Hits | 247 |
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| Created date | 2022.10.07 |
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| Modified date | 2023.01.16 |
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