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當代泰國華人之「民俗佛教」信仰與 文化研究 - 以九皇齋節儀式為例="Folk-Buddhism" Beliefs and Cultural Studies of Contemporary Thai-Chinese: A Case of "The Nine Emperor Gods Festival" Ceremony |
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釋聖因 (著)
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| Source |
中華佛學研究=Chung-Hwa Buddhist Studies
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| Volume | n.23 |
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| Date | 2022 |
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| Pages | 71 - 109 |
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| Publisher | 中華佛學研究所=Chung-Hwa Institute of Buddhist Studies |
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| Publisher Url |
http://www.chibs.edu.tw/
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| Location | 新北市, 臺灣 [New Taipei City, Taiwan] |
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| Content type | 期刊論文=Journal Article |
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| Language | 中文=Chinese |
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| Note | 作者爲泰國國際佛教大學宗教研究所博士生 |
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| Keyword | 泰國華人=Thai-Chinese; 文化認同=Cultural Identity; 華人信仰=Beliefs of the Chinese; 民俗佛教=Folk-Buddhism; 經懺佛事=Repentance and Buddhist Services; 九皇齋節=The Nine Emperor Gods Festival |
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| Abstract | 大約從 13 世紀開始，就有華人下南洋來到泰國，在此後的移民過程
中，佛教信仰與文化，對於華人同化起到了關鍵性作用。泰國原本是南傳
佛教傳統，自華人民俗信仰和文化的傳入、漢傳佛教僧團的創立，相互地
融入，形成了「民俗佛教」。
本文對華人「民俗佛教」的概念界定，是指雜糅正統佛教、民俗信仰
而成的一種獨特多元的泰國華人佛教型態，即泰國華人將佛教和民俗信仰
融合為一的漢傳佛教信仰型態之通稱。其主要弘化方式和內容是替信眾追
薦冥福和為亡靈超昇善道的「經懺佛事」。若站在正統佛教與「人生佛
教」的思想立場，這正是晚清以來中國佛教需要「祛魅」的改革對象。客
觀地說，「經懺佛事」是華人基本的民俗信仰需求，以共同的信仰體系和
風俗習慣維繫著泰國華人社會的身份認同。尤其是以北斗信仰為基礎的
「九皇齋節」，從活動儀式、文化內涵、社會功能上，傳遞給華人一種共
同的價值規範，以更大的效力培養他們的身份認同和民族歸屬感。
本 文 基 於 佛 教 文 化 和 民 俗 信 仰 對 華 人 的 影響， 採用「 歷 文 實 」
（ HTF ） （ 即 「 歷 史 」 〔 history 〕 、 文 獻 〔 text 〕 和 「 實 地 調 查 」
〔fieldwork〕）的研究方法，透過歷史發展，佛、道教等文獻解讀來認識
「民俗佛教」的傳統背景，再由田野考察來探究「民俗佛教」的結構、功
能及實際習俗等，最後，探究華人社會的宗教活力和華人文化認同的重
建。
Since about the 13th century, there have been Chinese coming to Thailand, the
Nanyang region. During the subsequent immigration process, Buddhist beliefs
and culture played a key role in the assimilation of the Chinese. Thai Buddhism
was originally Theravada Buddhism, yet the introduction of Chinese folk
culture and the establishment of Chinese Sangha groups have integrated and
fused together to form “Folk-Buddhism” 民俗佛教.
In this article, the concept of “folk-Buddhism” is defined as a unique form
of Thai-Chinese Buddhism that is a mixture of orthodox Buddhism and folk
culture, that is, a general Chinese Buddhist belief pattern in which Thai-Chinese
integrates Buddhism and folk beliefs into one.The main approaches and content
of dissemination of Folk Buddhism is the “Repentance and Buddhist Services”
經懺佛事, which pursues the afterlife happiness for the followers and the
transcendence to the upper realms for the dead.
From the ideological standpoint of orthodox Buddhism and “Humanistic
Buddhism” 人間佛教, this is exactly the reform target that Chinese Buddhism
needs to "disenchant" since the late Qing Dynasty. Objectively speaking,
“Repentance and Buddhist Services” meets the basic folk belief demand of the
Chinese who maintain the identity of the Chinese community in Thailand with
the common belief system and customs. In particular, “The Nine Emperor Gods
Festival” 九皇齋節, which is based on the Beidou 北斗 belief, conveys a
common value norm to the Chinese in terms of ceremonical events, cultural
connotations, and social functions, and cultivates their identity and national
sense of belonging with greater effectiveness.
Based on the influence of Buddhist culture and folk beliefs on the Chinese,
this paper adopts “HTF” (i.e. “history,” “text” and “fieldwork”) research
methods and attempts to explore the religious vitality of Chinese society and
the reconstruction of Chinese cultural identity by combining the history of
Chinese society in Thailand, Buddhist and Taoist text and fieldworks.
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| Table of contents | 一、前言 74
二、泰國華人「民俗佛教」及其教團 76
（一）泰國華人「民俗佛教」概念界定 77
（二）「民俗佛教」華人教團的出現與特點 80
（三）華人教團的現狀和反思 82
三、「民俗佛教」的弘化與內容 84
（一）「經懺佛事」的起源和發展 85
（二）「經懺佛事」的典型模式 - 以九皇齋節為例 88
四、結論 99 |
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| ISSN | 1026969X (P) |
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| Hits | 185 |
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| Created date | 2023.03.10 |
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| Modified date | 2023.03.10 |
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