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Worship in the Suburbs: The Development Experience of Recent Immigrant Religious Communities |
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| Author |
Hoernig, Heidi (著)
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| Date | 2006.01 |
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| Pages | 254 |
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| Publisher | University of Waterloo |
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| Publisher Url |
https://uwaterloo.ca/
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| Location | Waterloo, ON, Canada |
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| Content type | 博碩士論文=Thesis and Dissertation |
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| Language | 英文=English |
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| Degree | doctor |
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| Institution | University of Waterloo |
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| Department | Planning |
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| Advisor | Trudi Bunting |
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| Publication year | 2006 |
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| Abstract | Immigration is transforming large Canadian urban regions. Rapidly increasing religious diversity is one dimension of the dramatic, multicultural shift accompanying this sea-change. Over the past decade, many important questions have emerged concerning urban planning and management amidst ethnoracial diversity. The development of places of worship, key activity centres for many recent immigrant communities, intersects many of these questions. Land use conflict related to place of worship development has been a common feature of much of the empirical, urban literature.
This study explored the development experience of religious communities from five religions: Buddhism, Christianity, Hinduism, Islam and Sikhism, in three suburban communities of the Greater Toronto Area: Mississauga, Brampton and Markham. The key objectives of the study were to compare experiences across minority religious groups in order to explore development issues, to better understand relationships between religion, culture and land use, and to examine municipal planning implications of and responses to religious diversity.
The study findings show that most place of worship development experiences have been characterized by adaptation rather than conflict. The findings reveal involved and nuanced stories about the development process in which many recent immigrant, minority religious communities participate. As such, the study highlights the inter-woven complexities and challenges of establishing these significant religious, cultural and social institutions, difficulties that cannot be easily teased apart to isolate one or two problematic variables.
In this way, the study findings accord with the recent urban literature on difference which argues that urban experiences of difference are simultaneously produced by structuring processes of political-economy and socially constructed by multi-faceted, changing subjects (Bridge & Watson, 2003; Eade & Mele, 2002; Jacobs & Fincher, 1998; Low, 1996). Findings show that minority place of worship development is constrained by suburban form, land use planning policy and land economics. At the same time, these constraints are differentially mediated by the resources and strategies of religious communities. Religion and culture play a role in the needs and experiences of place of worship development, but high or unconventional needs are not necessarily tied to challenging development experiences.
The study recommendations build upon the current normative literature in the broader field of multicultural planning. I argue that the common prescriptions set forward by multicultural planning advocates, such as improved cultural knowledge and communication in policy development and implementation are not sufficient to address the challenges of urban planning and management amidst religious and ethnoracial diversity. The study findings suggest that proponents of multicultural planning need to approach the challenges of diversity strategically, to reconsider points, means and agents of intervention. Study recommendations call for a return to the role of the planning expert, to proactively address key land use planning issues such as transportation planning and land use conflict before problems occur. Such a move would concomitantly benefit all community residents, not only those belonging to religious communities. This is because two of the more challenging dimensions of place of worship development: transportation planning and neighbour relations, are issues common to suburban land use development, regardless of the religion, ethnicity or race of the participants. Recommendations also suggest that multicultural planning must be a collective project, requiring the involvement of many actors, including urban academics, immigrant communities and their advocates, political and community leadership as well as urban practitioners both inside and outside of the municipal planning dep |
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| Table of contents | Abstract iii
Acknowledgements v
Table of Contents vii
List of Tables xi
List of Figures xiii
Chapter 1: Introduction 1
1.1 Place of worship development and multicultural planning 5
1.2. Research Problem 11
1.2.1. Research objectives 11
1.2.2. Research questions 11
1.3. Thesis outline 12
Chapter 2: Immigrant communities 14
2.1. Introduction 14
2.2. Canadian immigration and urban settlement 14
2.3. The development experience 18
2.3.1. Religious community experience 20
2.3.2. Other recent immigrant development experiences 27
2.4. Planning responses to ethnoracial diversity 29
2.4.1. Planning theory 29
2.4.2. Planning practice: implications and responses 33
2.5. Conceptual framework 37
2.5.1. The concept of development experience 38
2.5.2. Conceptual framework for analyzing development experience 43
2.6. Conclusion 49
Chapter 3: Methodology 50
3.1. Introduction 50
3.2. Research design 50
3.2.1. Research chronology 51
3.3. Data Collection 51
3.3.1. Phase I: Recognizance study 51
3.3.2. Phase II: Survey of religious communities 53
3.3.3. Phase III: Follow-up interviews 59
3.4. Quality in Research Design, Methods and Analysis 60
3.5. Ethics 61
3.6. Data Management and Analysis 63
3.7. Limitations and reflections 65
3.8. Conclusion 66
Chapter 4: The public policy context 67
4.1. Introduction 67
4.2. Urban development and planning policy 67
4.3. Ethnicity-, race- and religion- related legislation and policy 69
4.4. Local municipal policy context 75
4.4.1. Mississauga 75
4.4.2. Brampton 78
4.4.3. Markham 80
4.5. Municipal policy approaches to places of worship 82
4.5.1. Historical overview of place of worship policy 82
4.5.2. Comparing municipal approaches 88
4.6. Discussion 97
4.7. Conclusion 97
Chapter 5: Religion, culture and places of worship 105
5.1. Introduction 105
5.1.1. Buddhism 106
5.1.2. Christianity 112
5.1.3. Hinduism 114
5.1.4. Islam 122
5.1.5. Sikhism 126
5.2. Discussion 131
5.2.1. Summary of time-related issues 131
5.2.2. Summary of space-related patterns 134
5.2.3. Summary of social-activity related patterns 137
5.3. Conclusion 139
Chapter 6: Place of worship development experiences 140
6.1. Search and development experience 140
6.1.1. The evolution of new religious communities and places of worship 140
6.1.2. The site search process 142
6.1.3. Issues related to temporary sites 146
6.1.4. Establishing permanent locations 147
6.1.5. Post-construction issues 148
6.2. Places of worship functions for recent immigrant communities 149
6.3. General challenges faced by religious communities 153
6.4. Coping mechanisms 157
6.5 Development narratives 165
6.6 Conclusion 177
Chapter 7: Planning implications and recommendations 178
7.1. The religious community place of development experience 178
7.2. Implications for place of worship planning 184
7.2.1. Defining worship 184
7.2.2. Places of worship as mixed use centres 185
7.2.3. Traffic and parking 186
7.2.4. Accommodating special religious events 187
7.2.5. Architectural and site design 187
7.2.6. Neighbour and community relations 188
7.3. Re-casting multicultural planning issues 189
7.3.1. Religious communities 189
7.3.2. Planners 190
7.4. Study recommendations 193
7.4.1. The return of the planning expert 196
7.4 |
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| Hits | 122 |
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| Created date | 2023.05.08 |
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| Modified date | 2024.05.30 |
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