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星雲大師的中道思想 － 以《維摩詰經》為進路=The Study on the Thought of Middle Way by Master Hsing Yun in Light of the Vimalakirti Sutra |
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| 著者 |
寂合 (撰)=Souksavanh Khenthavong (compose)
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| 出版年月日 | 2017 |
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| ページ | 121 |
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| 出版者 | 南華大學 |
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| 出版サイト |
https://web.nhu.edu.tw/
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| 出版地 | 嘉義縣, 臺灣 [Chia-i hsien, Taiwan] |
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| 資料の種類 | 博碩士論文=Thesis and Dissertation |
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| 言語 | 中文=Chinese |
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| 学位 | 修士 |
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| 学校 | 南華大學 |
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| 学部・学科名 | 宗教學研究所 |
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| 指導教官 | 釋滿紀、黃國清 |
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| 卒業年 | 105 |
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| キーワード | 人間佛教=Humanistic Buddhism; 星雲大師=Master Hsing Yun; 維摩詰經=Vimalakirti Sutra; 中道=Middle Way; 圓融=Compatibility |
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| 抄録 | 「中道」是佛教最重要的立場，亦是根本思想依據。透過歷史發展，「中道思想」不斷的被引用與延伸討論，可知其對佛教思想廣泛的影響。本文從《維摩詰所說經》（以下簡稱《維摩詰經》）的思想為前提，探索星雲大師的中道思想。透過二者對佛教義理的詮釋，及對避世修行的回應，而提出入世修行的理念，結合修行與生活，適應社會的發展傾向，展現背後的中道思想特質，亦可突顯佛教中道普遍性及超越性的真理。
佛陀解說「四聖諦」時顯露中道思想意味。因此「中道思想」可分成四個層面來詮釋：（一）認知層面：破除對苦樂之偏執；（二）實踐層面：意指八正道之修行方法；（三）作用層面：斷除貪與瞋，而不落入癡（無知）；（四）解脫層面：徹底超越煩惱，證得解脫之狀態，藉此為本文基本思想依據。
《維摩詰經》又稱《不可思議解脫經》，雖沒有特別引用「中道」一詞，但透過不二思想，已經把中道思想的特徵顯露出來。因此本文特別針對不二法門課題，進而探究不落二邊的中道觀，發現其所闡述的「中道」（不二中道）涉及到解脫之意，透過「默然無言」表示徹底破除二元對立的執著，突顯中道解脫不可思議之理。
佛教從印度傳到中國之後，經過一番轉變，隨著本土文化、思想差異，融入吸收，進而逐漸形成中國佛教獨特形態。至今，星雲大師為適應時代，而提倡人間佛教思想，透過生活中修行的理念，突破對修行與生活的矛盾抵觸，體現生活與修行的中道思想，承襲佛教中道的本懷。
筆者透過分析其思惟角度，得出大師對中道思想詮釋與《維摩詰經》所主張理念有相關之處。如（一）不認同自我獨居修行，及極端避世的行為，透過相對思惟，來對治偏頗於二邊，破除對法的執著。（二）從肯定的立場，建構中正之見，不否認二分，而用超越概念來含攝對立，可脫離二邊的困惑，重新估定價值。（三）以圓融思想，提出更好的解決方式，由對立並存的思維超越矛盾衝突。從這三點可突顯大師與《維摩詰經》中道思想與運用的智慧。
Middle way is an essential idea in Buddhism. The process of history, and geographical differences have led to many interpretations and extending the discussion. This article explores the relationship between the Middle Way thought of Venerable Master Hsing Yun ( VMHY ) and the thought in light of “the Vimalakirti Sutra”（“VS”）. As an explanation of Buddhist doctrines and response to the solitary-style of practice, VMHY proposes the idea of Engaged Buddhism, combining Buddhist Practice with daily life. The process of adapting to the modern developments of society, illustrates the characteristics of Middle Way practice, its salient truths as well as the way to liberation.
Meanwhile Buddha explained, “Four Noble Truths”, also revealing Middle Way thought behind. Thus, the Middle Way interpretation can be divided into four levels : (1) the cognitive level: explain the idea of getting rid of persistence of feeling on bliss and suffering. (2) the practical level : means the religious practices of the Eightfold Path. (3) the functional level : through the practice can eliminate greed, hatred, and delusion ( ignorance ). (4) the enlightened level : completely transcend the suffering, and being enlightened.
“The Vimalakirti Sutra”, also known as “Acintya-Vimoksa Sutra”. Although “VS” never mentioned the “Middle Way”, it is however expressed through the idea of non-duality. As such, this article investigate the Non-duality tenet, it is found that the idea which is not only a philosophical postulation, but also a mean of liberation from dichotomy (kind of enlightenment) through the practice, and “Vimalakirti’s silence without speech” show that the real enlightenment can’t be stated by the linguistic speech .
After Buddhism transcended India and arrived in China, it was Sinicized in the face of a rich profound culture, which had a different framework of thought from its own; ad a result, Buddhism had developed new forms of religious praxis. Nowadays, VMHY propagates Humanistic Buddhism thought through the ideas of daily life cultivation; he transcends the traditional paradox of daily life and practice, illuminating the Middle Way life that Shakyamuni Buddha advocated.
Through the three ways of expression: disapproving, affirming, and circular thinking, one finds similarities in the interpretation of Middle Way thought between VMHY and that of the Vimalakirti Sutra. For example: Firstly, both disagree with the solitary-style practice, and world-escaping behavior, eliminate the persisting in dharma through the contractive way of thinking. Secondly, both indirectly disapprove the twofold opposition, but employing transcendental concepts to encompass opposition as a means of preventing polarization. Thirdly, both employ circular thinking to address more effect ways for transcending dichotomy. This study concludes that through the three ways of expressing, one can identify the Middle way thought of VMHY and “VS” as well as highlight the wisdom behind their application. |
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| 目次 | 謝誌 I
摘要 II
Abstract III
目綠 V
第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究動機與目的 1
第二節 文獻探討 3
第三節 研究方法與步驟 17
第四節 研究範疇及架構 19
第五節 預期目標 21
第二章 佛教的中道 22
第一節 佛教中道修行的由來 22
第二節 中道的定義 24
第三節 中道思想的發展 29
第三章 《維摩詰經》的中道思想 36
第一節 思想特質及其影響 36
第二節 《維摩詰經》不二中道 38
第三節 《維摩詰經》之中道實踐 47
第四章 星雲大師的中道思想 59
第一節 中道思想的詮釋 60
第二節 否定式思想運用 68
第三節 肯定式思想之體現 73
第四節 中道圓融 91
第五章 星雲大師的中道思想與《維摩詰經》不二思想之印證 98
第一節 「不二中道」之詮釋 98
第二節 否定避世修行 100
第三節 肯定入世生活修行 103
第四節 回歸佛教中道修行 109
第六章 結論 112
參考文獻 113 |
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| ヒット数 | 379 |
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| 作成日 | 2020.02.12 |
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| 更新日期 | 2023.01.09 |
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