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離散中傳播:海外華人佛教的跨地交流 (1949-1980)=Diasporic Diffusion: Overseas Chinese Buddhism and Its Intercommunion (1949-1980) |
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著者 |
徐鳴謙 (撰)=XU, Ming Qian (compose)
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出版年月日 | 2022 |
ページ | 394 |
出版者 | 國立政治大學 |
出版サイト |
https://www.nccu.edu.tw
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出版地 | 臺北市, 臺灣 [Taipei shih, Taiwan] |
資料の種類 | 博碩士論文=Thesis and Dissertation |
言語 | 中文=Chinese |
学位 | 博士 |
学校 | 國立政治大學 |
学部・学科名 | 宗教研究所 |
指導教官 | 李玉珍=Li, Yu-chen |
卒業年 | 111 |
キーワード | 華人佛教=Overseas Chinese Buddhism; 現代化=Modernization; 移民=Immigration; 中國內戰離散=Chinese Civil War; 美國佛教=American Buddhism; 南洋; Diaspora; Southeast Asia |
抄録 | 本研究聚焦1949年前後國共內戰造成大量移民潮,及政治版圖移轉後對中國佛教傳統於海外華人群體中傳播所造成影響。這段所謂「移民佛教期」的末流之中,鋪陳了日後以台灣教界為首,傳播主動力較強的本山化「人間佛教教團國際推展期」。惟佛教朝向現代社會之適應非侷限單一地域。幾個世紀以來該信仰傳統隨行旅僑民、移民腳步至南洋、台灣,雖混融於流行信仰,經正統僧侶抵達抽離而漸為「正信」。待民國肇建新佛教之風吹往各地,佛教徒各種嘗試舉動成為戰後、中國內戰以後海外各地大力拓展現代化的重要前行基礎。整體而言,前述即華人漢系佛教的共同動向。 在此更試圖指出所描述時間範圍 (1949-1980) 內的佛教傳播特色,有別單純地追隨華民移動動態,避秦於台灣、英屬香港的僧俗人士落地發展,配合工商業化、都市化、資本蓬勃興起的社會而有所斬獲。進一步,以台港為中心,一定程度對南洋及北美存在較細膩的傳播模式,本研究以文本社群、群體、個體三種形式的「跨地交流」,來概括陳述人與訊息資源各種紛雜的來往活動。 文本社群以內戰後港台兩地重新刊行和新創的佛教期刊為基礎,藉由海外各分銷據點流通,建構了佛教徒跨地域相互聯繫的網絡。與台灣教界配合國民黨政權公共外交開啟的「世界佛教華僧會」等機構,皆能對各項內部議題提出倡議交換意見,華人佛教圈遂形成輪廓。個體跨地交流特指僧侶遊化他地。無論如何,該等重要意義在於入世性質的佛教被主要是此批內戰離散緇素帶來台港,樹立模板吸取能量,終開枝散葉達現今國際性漢傳佛教最顯眼的標誌。
The mass emigration driven by the Chinese civil war and the retreat of Kuomintang regime from the Mainland had many profound effects, not least on how and where Chinese Buddhist traditions were transmitted among overseas Chinese. This study proposes that especially from 1949 to 1980, which can be seen as an ongoing part of the ‘immigrant transmission period’, set the course for the subsequent internationalization of humanistic Buddhist organizations in Taiwan. However, the adaptation of Buddhism to prevailing societal conditions was not limited to any one region. Over centuries, this belief tradition had followed the footsteps of sojourners and immigrants to Nanyang as well as Taiwan, although admixed with popular beliefs, it gradually became ‘orthodox’ after the arrival of monastics. The worldly, engaged Buddhist ideas, established since the emergence of the Republican era, were transmitted to these areas, being an important foundation for local Chinese Buddhist modernization. On the whole, the above-mentioned served as the common background. The characteristic of transmission in the focused time range (1949-1980) is that those who fled the civil war to Taiwan and British Hong Kong, monastics and lays, accompanied by industrialization, commercialization, and urbanization of the two societies, have gained some developments during the capital boom. Thus apart from the immigrant ‘bring-in’, Taiwan and Hong Kong as the center, there was a more delicate model for the spread once again to Southeast Asia and North America to a certain extent. This dissertation explores three forms of ‘cross-regional communication’ as textual community, groups, and individuals, to describe the various interactions among overseas Chinese Buddhists. Textual community here is based on the resumed and newly founded Buddhist magazines in Taiwan and Hong Kong, circulated through overseas distribution sites elsewhere, by reading and writing, constructing a cross-regional network. The World Chinese Buddhist Sangha Congress (Shijie fojiao huaseng hui 世界佛教華僧會) had convened overseas monastics of the same tradition in cooperation with Kuomintang regime’s public diplomatic need. It was in events of groups gathering like this that had a similar function with the textual community, where Buddhists were able to propose and exchange views on issues of their own, giving them an imagined identity. Communication in the form of individuals, on the other hand, refers to cross-bordered monastics, who traveled to other countries to propagate Buddhist teachings. In any case, the significance lies in the fact that Buddhism of a worldly nature was brought to Taiwan and Hong Kong mainly by these civil war diasporas, who set up a template and absorbed energy. It eventually diffused to become the most conspicuous symbol of international Chinese Buddhism today. |
目次 | 第一章 前言 1 第一節 導論 1 第二節 文獻回顧 9 第三節 研究方法 16 第四節 章節架構 23 第二章 中國佛教向台灣、港澳傳播 25 第一節 台灣 25 第二節 港澳 55 第三節 小結 84 第三章 中國佛教向南洋華社傳播 89 第一節 星馬、印尼佛教圈 92 第二節 泰國與舊印度支那聯邦 114 第三節 朝聖道路上的華人佛教徒:緬甸、印度 131 第四節 中國沿海移民的異地:菲律賓 148 第五節 小結 152 第四章 國共分治後台灣佛教公共外交與海外華民聯繫 154 第一節 世界佛教徒聯誼會中之兩岸代表權爭奪 157 第二節 世界佛教華僧大會 179 第三節 替代性的世界佛教組織 189 第四節 小結 194 第五章 港台僧侶弘法東南亞圖像 198 第一節 由香港出境的僧侶 201 第二節 經港來台轉赴出境的太虛系僧侶 206 第三節 圓瑛系僧侶東南亞弘化:白聖 231 第四節 江蘇籍僧侶在菲島:自立、唯慈 238 第五節 小結 241 第六章 當代華人佛教共同議題 244 第一節 僧人自我認同論述 246 第二節 教育學術化 251 第三節 大眾化媒體迎合拒斥:佛教電影案例 279 第四節 佛教與公眾 292 第五節 小結 304 第七章 漢系佛教向北美傳播 307 第一節 通道:檀香山到舊金山 309 第二節 早期紐約華人佛教社群與向外開展 322 第三節 金山萬佛生:宣化與在地漢系教團構建 333 第四節 小結 350 第八章 結論 353 徵引書目 363 |
ヒット数 | 44 |
作成日 | 2023.05.29 |
更新日期 | 2023.05.29 |

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