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月兔故事再議=The Moon Hare Story Reconsidered |
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| 著者 |
莊國彬 (著)=Chuang, Kuo-pin (au.)
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| 掲載誌 |
圓光佛學學報=Yuan Kuang Journal of Buddhist Studies
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| 巻号 | n.24 |
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| 出版年月日 | 2014.12 |
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| ページ | 33 - 54 |
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| 出版者 | 圓光佛學研究所=Yuan Kuang Buddhist College |
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| 出版サイト |
http://www.ykbi.edu.tw/
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| 出版地 | 桃園縣, 臺灣 [Taoyuean hsien, Taiwan] |
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| 資料の種類 | 期刊論文=Journal Article |
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| 言語 | 中文=Chinese |
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| ノート | 作者為法鼓文理學院助理教授。 |
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| キーワード | 月兔=Moon Hare; 漢譯文獻=Chinese Translation Literature; 本生=Jātaka; 佛教文學=Buddhist Literature; 長沙馬王堆=King Ma‟s Mound |
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| 抄録 | 糜文開的文章〈中印文學關係舉例〉中提到，雖然有許多中國的故事、文學作品都受到印度佛教的影響，但也有極少數例外，是中國文化影響到印度文化，月兔就是一例。糜文開認為月兔是中國的神話先有，之後才傳到印度。可惜糜文開所用的資料只限於漢譯文獻，沒有使用梵語、巴利語的資料。以梵語而言，月亮除了有candra這個字之外，另外śaśin（具兔者）也是代表月亮。另外，在巴利語《本生》中，第316個故事就是描述世尊的前世曾為一具有福德，能將自己的身體布施的兔子。巴利語《本生》的編輯應不會晚於西元一、二世紀，若說是受到中國文化的影響，可能性相當低。但是糜文開真的錯了嗎？月兔的故事就跟其他文學作品一樣，是印度的舶來品嗎？我們在東漢的長沙馬王堆一號漢墓的T形帛畫中，看到右、左上角各畫有日、月，日中有烏鴉，月中有蟾蜍和兔子。而更早在屈原的〈天問〉中的「顧菟在腹」又該如何解釋，是兔子在月亮中嗎？換句話說，月兔是中國本土就有的，還是西來的？本篇將從漢語、梵語、巴利語的文獻資料來考察中國月兔故事的來源。
In his article, “The examples of the liaison between the Chinese and Indian literature”, Mr. Wen-kai Mi mentioned that although there are so many Chinese stories and literature are affected by Indian Buddhism, one exception is found that Indian culture is affected by Chinese culture. This is the moon hare story. Mr. Mi argues that moon hare story begins in China, then spread to Indian. Unfortunately, the materials that Mr. Mi uses are limited to Chinese sources only, but not Sanskrit and Pāli texts. In terms of Sanskrit, apart from the term „candra‟, there is also another word „śaśin‟ (the harebearer) represented the moon. In the Pāli Jātaka, No. 316, Buddha was a virtuous hare whom sacrifice its body for the offering to a brahman. The two evidences are not late than the first Century. Therefore, it seems not possible the moon hare story is from China.However, according to Chinese archaeological evidence, in the Tshape painting found in King Ma‟s Mound, there is sun on the upper right and moon on the upper left. A three-toe crow stands in the sun,
while a toad and a hare in the moon. The painting is probably as early as the first century. Therefore, we have a problem, which moon hare story is earlier, Chinese or Indian? The present paper will investigate the origin of the moon hare story through Chinese, Sanksrit, as well as Pāli materials.
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| 目次 | 一、前言 37
二、糜文開月兔故事的理論及其評論 37
三、中國的月兔傳說 39
四、月兔本生故事的演變 45
五、結語 51
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| ISSN | 16086848 (P) |
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| 参考文献 |
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| ヒット数 | 1004 |
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| 作成日 | 2015.04.13 |
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| 更新日期 | 2017.08.16 |
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