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北朝金銅像佛衣樣式漢化之探究=A Study on the Chinese Localization of Buddhist Statues’ Chothing Style in the Northern Dynasties |
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著者 |
鄭伃婷 (著)=Cheng, Yu-ting (au.)
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出版年月日 | 2014 |
ページ | 178 |
出版者 | 華梵大學 |
出版サイト |
https://www.hfu.edu.tw
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出版地 | 新北市, 臺灣 [New Taipei City, Taiwan] |
資料の種類 | 博碩士論文=Thesis and Dissertation |
言語 | 中文=Chinese |
学位 | 修士 |
学校 | 華梵大學 |
学部・学科名 | 東方人文思想研究所 |
指導教官 | 陳娟珠=Chen, Chuan-chu |
卒業年 | 102 |
キーワード | 北朝=Northern Dynasties; 金銅佛=gold and bronze Buddha; 佛衣=Buddhist clothing |
抄録 | 佛教藝術和一般藝術創作不同的地方,在於它並非是一種純粹的創作,除了藝術原有的形式表現外,更是受著經典的嚴謹規範和信仰意識累積的文化現象,其宗教屬性強烈。佛教源起於印度,佛像受希臘影響產生具有西方寫實造像的犍陀羅風,及蘊含印度本土特色的秣菟羅造像藝術,縱使兩者在佛像的表現方式上呈現區域性的差異,但佛衣卻僅通肩與右袒披着,具有定式。北朝早期的佛像藝術雖深受印度造像藝術的影響,帶有強烈的異域風格,但在佛教傳播的過程中,漢地以原有的地域文化及造像技術,在律典的規範下融合外來的佛像與本身的民族習性,逐漸演變出屬於漢地特有的佛像風格,佛衣樣式漢化風格產生具有其時代背景及文化意義。 本文以佛像衣着為研究的主題,以北朝金銅佛像為範圍,探討佛衣漢化之形成。首先從律典探究佛衣的披着規範,分析印度佛像衣着樣式的源流;接著探討中國金銅佛造像之源流,進一步了解北朝的佛教風氣及漢化背景,作出以下總結:在北朝金銅佛造像均以「披着」方式為各類佛衣樣式的表現前提下, 「半披式」、「褒衣博帶式」、「敷搭雙肩下垂式」佛衣,皆是傳入漢地後,外來佛衣在適應民族特定習俗下產生變通,造成的民族化演變,仍未完全與戒律失去關聯。有關偏衫的定義應為有袖有領,對照文獻及北朝造像,推論半披式佛衣是在右袒式基礎上發生演化而非偏衫;而衣料材質的改變應為象鼻相普遍成為北朝金銅佛披着特徵的重要原因之一。期藉由本文對「北朝金銅像佛衣樣式」的資料整理,能在金銅佛的相關研究上有所助益。
Buddhist art is different from other forms of art in that it is not only a creation, it is a cultural phenomenon influenced by strict norms and accumulated senses of beliefs in addition to the form expression originally presented in art, and that it has a strong religious character. Buddhism originated from India. Buddha, receiving Greek influence, has Gandhara style inspired by Western sculpture art with realism while inheriting Mathura sculpture art existed locally in India. Even though there is regional difference in terms of presentation of Buddha, it is a fixed form that Buddha clothing goes past one shoulder while the right shoulder is bare. Buddhist art in early North Dynasties had a strong exotic style due to the influences from Indian sculpture art. However, during the diffusion process of Buddhism, the Han region used its own local culture and sculpture technique to integrate the foreign Buddha under Dhammathats and the domestic ethnicity, gradually developing a style of Buddha that is unique in the Han region. The production of the Han style of Buddhist clothing has its own historical background and cultural significance. This study is about the clothing on Buddha, using the gold and bronze Buddha in Northern Dynasties as the scope to explore the formation of Han-styled Buddhist clothing. First, we explore the draped standards of Buddhist clothing from Dhammathats to analyze the origins of Buddha clothing style from India. Next, we discuss the origins of gold and bronze Buddha built in China to understand the Buddhism culture and the Han-inspired conversion background during the Northern Dynasties. We come to the following conclusions: Given that all gold and bronze Buddha statues during Northern Dynasties had the“drapery”as the style of their Buddhist clothing,“shawl”,“loose garment with long band”and “shoulder covering and hanging down”styles were all the ethnic evolution that foreign Buddhist clothing had in order to adapt to the specific ethnic customs, while not totally losing the connection with precepts. Monk’s toga is defined as having sleeves and collar. Comparing literature with statues in Northern Dynasties, it is inferred that“shawl”is based on the evolution of “bare right shoulder”style rather than on monk’s toga. The change in clothing material on Ganesha is one of the important factors determining the characteristics of draping clothing on gold and bronze Buddha statues. This study wishes to provide contribution to the research on gold and bronze Buddha statues by compiling information on the Buddhist clothing styles on gold and bronze Buddha statues during Northern Dynasties. |
目次 | 致謝 II 摘要 III 目次 VI 圖次 IX 表次 XIV 第一章 緒論 1 第一節 研究動機和目的 1 第二節 研究範圍與方法 1 第三節 相關文獻與學術研究 4 第二章 佛衣樣式起源分析 9 第一節 考證律典對佛衣及僧衣的規範 9 一、 僧衣的類別 10 二、披着方式之規範 24 第二節 印度佛像衣著風格源流分析 29 一、印度佛像起源與風格 29 二、印度佛像的衣着樣式分析 32 第三節 小結 37 第三章 中國金銅佛造像之探源 47 第一節 漢地造像之探源 47 第二節 金銅佛造像之探源 50 一、金銅佛像的法相依據 50 二、 金身之律典依據 62 三、造像素材與工法 63 四、金銅佛造像起源 66 五、南北朝以前的鎏金銅像衣着樣式分析 70 第三節 小結 75 第四章 北朝金銅佛像佛衣風格之演化 83 第一節 北朝的佛教風氣及漢化背景 83 一、北魏的立國背景及佛教發展 84 二、北魏金銅像盛行題材分析 89 三、北魏佛衣樣式與服飾改革的關聯性 92 四、北魏分裂後歷史背景與佛教發展 98 第二節 北朝金銅佛衣着樣式分析 102 一、通肩式 102 二、右袒式 113 三、半披式 116 四、褒衣博帶式 121 五、敷搭雙肩下垂式 126 第三節 小結 128 第五章 結論 155 一、研究成果 155 二、後續研究發展 158 參考文獻 159 圖表 167 |
ヒット数 | 43 |
作成日 | 2023.05.08 |
更新日期 | 2023.05.08 |

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