The active (Parasmaipada) imperfect
(meaning of this form is simple past) adds
an augment (always a vowel -a)
in front of the root.
It has special endings:
| Sg. | Du. | Pl. | |
| 1. | a+vad+a+m | a+vad+a+va | a+vad+a+ma |
| 2. | a+vad+a+h | a+vad+a+tam | a+vad+a+ta |
| 3. | a+vad+a+t | a+vad+a+tam | a+vad+an |
If the root begins in a vowel, the augment makes it to change into vrddhi grade: icch-, impf. aicchat (he wanted).
If the verb is prefixed, the augment is inserted just before a verb (according to usual sandhi rules): pari+ni-, impf. paryanayat.
-n
at the end of the word is before a vowel and following a short vowel
always doubled: agacchan
atra ->
agacchannatra
(they came here).
1. nrpatirnagaraj senayajayat |
2. kavayah sabhayaj kavyanyapathan |
3. sadhorbharyaya bhiksave rupakani diyante |
4. sagare matsyanapawyama |
5. pustakaj putrayayacchajjanakah |
6. gramasya rathyasvawvavabhramyatam |
7. taroh prabhuta vihaga udapatan |
8. bharyabhirnara nagaramagacchan |
9. yada wivo visnuwca granthamapathataj tadarthaj navaggachama |
10. wisya gurorgrhaj praviwannupaviwajwca katayoh |
11. parvatasya wikhare sadhavah suryasya stotramagayan |
12. rsirudatisthatprasadanniragacchacca |
13. jayasyawaj natyajam |
14. vrksacchakhaj narah parawunavakrntat |
15. indro devanaj senayasuranparakramat |
16. purena grhanyuhyante |
1. When you were ("stood") in trouble, you asked the king for protection.
2. Brahmins (Du.) sang the praise of Rama.
3. In the Ganga there is (vrt-) flood.
4. The teacher hit the student out of the anger.
5. Servants brought water in jars.
6. He cut the branch with an axe.
7. Deers came to the Ganga and drank water.
8. Men sat down on mats.
ava+krt-, avakrntati (VI): to cut off
nih+gam-, nirgacchati (I): to go out
upa+viw-, upaviwati (VI): to sit down
pra+viw-, pravisati (VI): to enter
vrt-, vartate (I): to be, to exist
ud+stha-, uttisthati (I): to get up, to stand up
artha-, m.: meaning, prosperity, wealth
asura-, m.: demon
awa-, f.: hope
indra-, m.: Hindu god Indra
sagara-, m.: sea
grantha-, m.: composition, book (text)
jaya-, m.: victory, glory
pustaka-, n.: book (manuscript)
pura-, m.: flood, stream
prasada-, m.: palace
matsya-, m.: fish
raksana-, n.: protection
wakha-, f.: branch
wikhara-, m.: summit, top
sabha-, f.: congregation, meeting, assembly
surya-, m.: sun, the god of the Sun
stotra-, n.: ode, a hymn of praise