agni- (m., fire)
| Sg. | Du. | Pl. | |
| Nom. | agnih | agni | agnayah |
| Acc. | agnim | agni | agnin |
| Ins. | agnina | agnibhyam | agnibhih |
| Dat. | agnaye | agnibhyam | agnibhyah |
| Abl. | agneh | agnibhyam | agnibhyah |
| Gen. | agneh | agnyoh | agninam |
| Loc. | agnau | agnyoh | agnisu |
| Voc. | agne | agni | agnayah |
vari- (n., water):
| Sg. | Du. | Pl. | |
| Nom. | vari | varini | varini |
| Acc. | vari | varini | varini |
| Ins. | varina | varibhyam | varibhih |
| Dat. | varine | varibhyam | varibhyah |
| Abl. | varinah | varibhyam | varibhyah |
| Gen. | varinah | varinoh | varinam |
| Loc. | varini | varinoh | varisu |
| Voc. | vari | varini | varini |
We can negate some substantive and adjective nouns by adding a prefix a- (in case the word begins with a consonant) or an- (if it begins with a vowel).
For example: sukha-, happines; asukha, unhappiness, sorrow; arya, noble; anarya, "un-noble".
-h at the end of the word and following any other vowel then -a or -a is before voiced consonants and all vowels changed into -r (agnih atra -> agniratra, the fire is here; agnih dahati -> agnirdahati, fire burns). But if the following word begins with -r, final -h disappears and the vowel that precedes it is lengthened (kavibhih ramah gacchati -> kavibhi ramo gacchati, Rama goes with the poets). But this rule does not apply to the vowel -r (kavih rsim vadati -> kavirrsij vadati, poet tells to the seer).
-n is changed into -n if it is preceded by -s, -r or -r and if there is no palatal (c, ch, j, jh, b), retroflex (t, th, d, dh, n) or dental (t, th, d, dh, n) between them (so, nominative plural of vari is varini).
-r preceded by a vowel is often changed into -r (iti rsih -> itirsih). If the vowel is -i or -u it it can be changed into -y, -v and -r can be retained (iti rsih -> ityrsih).
1. balau kuto rodatah |
2. sada deva jananmubcanti papat |
3. suktesu varuna eva varinah patih |
4. rsirduhkhatputraj raksati |
5. nrpo 'sinareh pani krntati |
6. kavayo harij wajsanti |
7. satyaj sada vadantirsayo na tvasatyam |
8. arayo jananaj dhanaj lumpanti |
9. jalaj gireh patati |
10. vrksa girau rohanti |
11. asinaiva nrpatirarerdehaj tudati |
12. kavayo 'dya kavyaniha pathanti |
13. rsyo putrau tatra marge tisthanti |
14. nrpatih kavibhyo danani yacchati |
15. rsibhi ramo vanesu vasati |
16. agninarinaj grhani nrpa dahanti |
17. harij ksirena yajatah |
18. daso balebhyo 'nnaj yacchati |
19. agnirnarasya hastaj dahati |
20. nrpatirarimasina jayati |
1. We live happily here in the mountains.
2. Fighters burn the houses and enemies' sons weep.
3. "You don't speak the truth", says the brahmin to the poet.
4. From sin there is always suffering, but from the Law [there is] happiness.
5. "O, poet, why don't you recite poetry?", asks the king.
6. Where people burn the forests, no elephants live.
7. "Enemies rob the houses here", weep the boys.
8. Even today people remember Rama.
9. Hari's horse is standing just here.
tud-, tudati (VI): to strike, to pierce
path-, pathati (I): to read, to recite
rud-, rodati (I): to weep
lup-, lumpati (VI): to steal, to rob
agni-, m.: fire
anna-, n.: food
ari-, m.: enemy
asatya-, n.: "un-truth", lie
asi-, m.: sword
rsi-, m.: seer
kavi-, m.: poet
kavya-, n.: poetry
giri-, m.: mountain
jana-, m.: person
dasa-, m.: servant, slave
deha-, mn.: body
dharma-, m.: law, righteousness, Law, Buddhism
nrpati-, m.: king, ruler
pati-, m.: Lord, master, husband
pani-, m.: hand, palm
papa-, n.: sin
varuna-, m.: (Vedic god) Varuna
vari-, n.: water
sukta-, n.: Vedic hymn
hari-, m.: personal name
api-, part. also, even, even though