bhagavantbrahmanrājan 的語尾變化

第七類動詞 (Seventh Conjugation)

 

 

 

壹‧bhagavantbrahmanrājan 的語尾變化

1.bhagav-ant = 世尊 (男性)

【子音變化】 【母音變化】

sg. pl. sg. pl.

Nom.

Acc.

bhagav-ā bhagavant-o

bhagavant-a bhagavant-o

Nom.

Acc.

bhagavant-o bhagavant-ā

bhagavant-a bhagavant-e

(強語幹為 bhagav-ant,母音變化為bhagavant-a -a)

 

2.brahm-an = 梵天 (男性)

【子音變化】 【母音變化】

sg. pl. sg. pl.

Nom.

Acc.

brahm-ā brahmān-o

brahmān-a brahmān-o

brahman-o (不規則)

Nom.

Acc.

brahm-a

(強語幹為 brahm-ān,母音變化為brahm-a -a)

 

3.rāj-an = 國王 (男性)

【子音變化】 【母音變化】

sg. pl. sg. pl.

Nom.

Acc.

rāj-ā rājān-o

rājān-a rājān-o

Nom.

Acc.

rañño rāj-ā

rāj-a

(強語幹為 rāj-ān,母音變化為rāj-a -a)

附註:子音結尾的名詞之變化規則,請參考「附錄F(F-5)「子音

語尾變化的基本條例」一項。

 

 

貳‧第七類動詞 (Seventh Conjugation)

1.第七類動詞的構成

 

 

(接頭詞) + 字根' + e ( aya) + 動詞語尾 (ti)

語基 (接尾詞)

字根 (強化,有時長化,a > ā )

 

2.直說法現在式的動詞語尾 (dis < diś = 指、示 = to point)

 

 

< dis >

sg.

pl.

 

3rd.

des-e-ti

(他教)

des-e-nti

(他們教)

 

2nd.

des-e-si

(你教)

des-e-tha

(你們教)

 

1st.

des-e-mi

(我教)

des-e-ma

(我們教)

 

3.第七類動詞示例:

 

 

         kath              > katheti           他說、告 (he tells)

         kam               > kāmeti           他愛、欲求 (he loves)

         chaḍḍ            > chaḍḍeti         他吐、除、捨、棄 (he throws away, he

                                                      abandons)

         (p)pa-(ñ)ñap  > paññāpeti       他準備、鋪設(坐具),他折疊(衣服),他

                              施設、安立(教法) (he prepares; he folds

                              out;he declares, he defines) (兩母音間之

                              ñ會重複) (亦有視為 (ñ)ñā知」之Cau.)

 

         dhar              > dhāreti           他持取、憶持,著持,接受 (he holds, he

                                                      wears, he accepts) (dhar義為「持、hold

                                                      」,加接尾詞ma > dhamma )

         mant              > manteti           (與某人)交談、議論 (he takes counsel,

                                                      he discusses)

        ā-mant           > āmanteti         他告訴 (he addresses)

         vañc              > vañceti           他欺騙 (he deceives) (vañc原義「蹣跚而

                                                      行」,move crookedly)

         abhi-vad        > abhivādeti      他禮拜、問訊、辭別 (he salutes, he greets,

                                                      he takes leave) (abhi- 義為「對、向」

                                                      toward, about)

         ni-vās            > nivāseti          他著衣 (he dresses) (也有視之為字根

                                                      vas「著,住」之Cau.)

         pai-sa-vid   > paisavedeti 他覺受、體驗 (he feels, he experiences)

                                                      (pai- 義為「對、向」,toward, on to)

         ni(r)-veh       > nibbeheti       他解明,他駁斥 (he untwists, he explains;

                                                      he rebuts, he denies paijānāti「同意」

                                                      相對) ( ni(r)- 義為「離、無」,out,

                                                      without)

 

】:許多第七類動詞之「接尾詞」(suffix) 同時有 -e- -aya- 二型,

如:

ni-mant > nimanteti = nimantayati 他招待 (he invites)

cint > cinteti = cintayati 他思考 (he thinks, he considers)

gup > gopeti = gopayati 他守護 (he guards, he protects)

 

v