Gāthā | Sentence Translation | Sentence Structure |
Vocabulary&Grammar | Commentary | Pronunciation |
Rather then a thousand speeches without meaningful words,
is better one meaningful word, after hearing which, one
can attain calm.
sahassam api ce
vācā
an+attha+pada+saṃhitā
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Num.n. part. part. N.f.
neg. N.n. N.n. Adj.f.
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List of Abbreviations
ekaṃ
attha+padaṃ seyyo
yaṃ
sutvā upasammati
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Num.n. N.n. N.n.
Adj.n. Rel.Pron.n. V.ger. V.act.in.
Nom.Sg. | Nom.Sg. Nom.Sg.
Acc.Sg. |
3.Sg.pres.
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sahassam: sahassa-, Num.n.: thousand. Nom.Sg. = sahassam.
api, part.: also, as well, even (often spelled pi).
ce, part.: if.
vācā: vācā-, N.f.: speech (derived from the verb root vac-, to speak). Nom.Pl. = vācā.
anatthapadasaṃhitā:
anatthapadasaṃhita-, Adj.: without
meaningful sayings. It is the word atthapadasaṃhita-,
Adj.: with meaningful sayings, negated by the negative prefix an-.
This word is a compound of:
atthapada-, N.n.: profitable
saying, word of good sense. This can be further analyzed into:
attha-,
N.n.: meaning, worth, sense.
pada-,
N.n.: saying, word, verse.
saṃhita-,
Adj.: connected, equipped with, possessed of. It is a p.p. of the verb
dhā- (put)
with the prefix saṃ-
(together).
Nom.Pl.f. = anatthapadasaṃhitā.
List of Abbreviations
ekaṃ: eka-, Num.: one. Nom.Sg.n. = ekaṃ.
atthapadaṃ: atthapada-, N.n. see above. Nom.Sg. = atthapadaṃ.
seyyo: seyya-, Adj.: better. Nom.Sg.n. = seyyo.
yaṃ: yat-, Rel.Pron.: that, which. Acc.Sg.n.: yaṃ.
sutvā, V.ger.: having heard. The verb root is su- (to hear).
upasammati, V.: calms down, is appeased. The verb root is sam- (to be appeased) with the prefix upa- (towards). 3.Sg.act.in.pres. = upasammati.
List of Abbreviations
This verse contains two connected sentences.
They form the first and the second line of the verse respectively.
In the first sentence, the subject
is the noun vācā
(speeches, nominative plural). It has two attributes, the numeral sahassam
(thousand, nominative singular - note that the numeral sahassa-
is always in neuter) and the compound anatthapadasaṃhitā
(without meaningful words, nominative plural). There are two particles,
api (also, even) and ce (if) which form a phrase api
ce (even if).
In the second sentence, the subject
is the compound atthapadaṃ (meaningful
word, nominative singular). It has the numeral ekaṃ
(one, nominative singular) as an attribute. There is a clause, which forms
an attribute to the subject: yaṃ sutvā
upasammati (after hearing which, one can attain calm). The subject
here is the relative pronoun yaṃ (which,
accusative singular). There are two verbs, one is the gerundive sutvā
(having heard) and one is upasammati (calms down, 3rd
person, singular, active, indicative, present tense). These two form the
verbal phrase sutvā - upasammati
(having heard, calms). The object of the sentence is the adjective seyyo
(better, nominative singular).
Once there was a former public executioner named Tambadāṭhika.
Once he went for a bath to the river and took some food with him. Just
as he was leaving the house, Venerable Sāriputta
stopped by his door on his way for almsfood. Tambadāṭhika
offered him his food.
After the meal, Sāriputta
taught him the Dharma. But Tambadāṭhika's
mind was not peaceful, because he was disturbed and feeling remorse recollecting
his past work. This did not allow him to pay attention to the Dharma. Sāriputta
asked him if he killed those people because he wanted to, out of hate or
anger – or was it just an order. Tambadāṭhika
replied that he was ordered to kill them by the king and personally did
not feel hate towards them. So Sāriputta reassured
him that he did nothing wrong. Tambadāṭhika
then calmed down and listened to the Dharma attentively. He then accompanied
Sāriputta on the way back to the monastery.
But on the way back home he died due to an accident.
The Buddha was told about this and
he remarked that Tambadāṭhika was reborn in
Tusita heaven. The monks wondered how it was possible for somebody who
killed so many people in his life to be reborn there. The Buddha told them
by this verse that just one meaningful sentence that helped his mind to
calm down and concentrate on the Dharma helped him to achieve this goal.
For if one dies with a peaceful mind, one's rebirth is good. If at the
time of death our mind is confused or angry - we face a bad rebirth.
Word pronunciation:
sahassam
api
ce
vācā
anatthapadasaṃhitā
atthapadasaṃhitā
saṃhitā
ekaṃ
atthapadaṃ
attha
padaṃ
seyyo
yaṃ
sutvā
upasammati