Gāthā | Sentence Translation | Sentence Structure |
Vocabulary&Grammar | Commentary | Pronunciation |
Rather then a thousand verses without meaningful words,
is better one word of a verse, after hearing which, one
can attain calm.
sahassam api ce
gāthā
an+attha+pada+saṃhitā
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Num.n. part. part. N.f.
neg. N.n. N.n. Adj.f.
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List of Abbreviations
ekaṃ gāthā+padaṃ
seyyo yaṃ
sutvā upasammati
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Num.n. N.f. N.n.
Adj.n. Rel.Pron.n. V.ger. V.act.in.
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Acc.Sg. |
3.Sg.pres.
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sahassam: sahassa-, Num.n.: thousand. Nom.Sg. = sahassam.
api, part.: also, as well, even (often spelled pi).
ce, part.: if.
gāthā: gāthā-, N.f.: verse. Nom.Pl. = gāthā.
anatthapadasaṃhitā:
anatthapadasaṃhita-, Adj.: without
meaningful sayings. It is the word atthapadasaṃhita-,
Adj.: with meaningful sayings, negated by the negative prefix an-.
This word is a compound of:
atthapada-, N.n.: profitable
saying, word of good sense. This can be further analyzed into:
attha-,
N.n.: meaning, worth, sense.
pada-,
N.n.: saying, word, verse.
saṃhita-,
Adj.: connected, equipped with, possessed of. It is a p.p. of the verb
dhā- (put)
with the prefix saṃ-
(together).
Nom.Pl.f. = anatthapadasaṃhitā.
List of Abbreviations
ekaṃ: eka-, Num.: one. Nom.Sg.n. = ekaṃ.
gāthāpadaṃ:
gāthapada-, N.n.: verse-word. It is
a compound of:
gāthā-,
N.f.: verse.
pada-, N.n.: word, saying.
Nom.Sg. = gāthāpadaṃ.
seyyo: seyya-, Adj.: better. Nom.Sg.n. = seyyo.
yaṃ: yat-, Rel.Pron.: that, which. Acc.Sg.n.: yaṃ.
sutvā, V.ger.: having heard. The verb root is su- (to hear).
upasammati, V.: calms down, is appeased. The verb root is sam- (to be appeased) with the prefix upa- (towards). 3.Sg.act.in.pres. = upasammati.
List of Abbreviations
This verse contains two connected sentences.
They form the first and the second line of the verse respectively.
In the first sentence, the subject
is the noun gāthā
(verses, nominative plural). It has two attributes, the numeral sahassam
(thousand, nominative singular - note that the numeral sahassa-
is always in neuter) and the compound anatthapadasaṃhitā
(without meaningful words, nominative plural). There are two particles,
api (also, even) and ce (if) which form a phrase api
ce (even if).
In the second sentence, the subject
is the compound gāthapadaṃ
(word of a verse, nominative singular). It has the numeral ekaṃ
(one, nominative singular) as an attribute. There is a clause, which forms
an attribute to the subject: yaṃ sutvā
upasammati (after hearing which, one can attain calm). The subject
here is the relative pronoun yaṃ (which,
accusative singular). There are two verbs, one is the gerundive sutvā
(having heard) and one is upasammati (calms down, 3rd
person, singular, active, indicative, present tense). These two form the
verbal phrase sutvā
- upasammati (having heard, calms). The object of the sentence
is the adjective seyyo (better, nominative singular).
Some merchants sailed in a boat. Their
boat was wrecked and only one of them, named Bāhiya,
survived. He got hold of a piece of wood and came to land in the city of
Suppāraka. He tied a piece of bark to his
body and sat in a public place. People gave him food; some thought that
he was a holy man so they paid their respects to him. Some people offered
him clothes but he refused. Everybody started to tell him that he was an
Arahant so he began to consider himself one.
Now the god Brahma was a friend of
Bāhiya's in one of previous lives. He came
to see him one night and told him that he certainly was not an Arahant.
Bāhiya asked if there are Arahants at all
and where to find them. Brahma sent him to the city of Sāvatthi
to see the Buddha.
Bāhiya
immediately set on a journey to Sāvatthi.
He did not rest much because he was anxious to meet the Buddha. Therefore
when he arrived at Sāvatthi he was extremely
tired. He met the Buddha going on an almsround with some other monks. He
asked the Buddha to teach him the Dharma, but the Buddha refused saying
that it was not a proper time for a discourse. But Bāhiya
pleaded again and the Buddha realized that Bāhiya
is ready to become an Arahant. So he told him: "Bāhiya,
when you see a thing, be conscious only of the object. When you hear a
sound, be conscious only of the sound. When you smell, taste, or touch
anything, be conscious only of the smell, taste, or touch. When you think
of anything, be conscious only of the mental object."
Bāhiya
did this and immediately he attained Arahantship. He asked permission to
be admitted into the Order as a monk. The Buddha agreed, but first he sent
him to find some robes, the bowl and other requisites. Bāhiya
went to find these things, but on the way he was attacked by a wild animal
and died. When the Buddha and monks went back from the almsround, they
found him laying dead on the road. The Buddha instructed the monks to cremate
Bāhiya's body and erect a stupa around the
ashes.
The Buddha then told the monks that
Bāhiya has attained Arahantship. He proclaimed
that Bāhiya was the quickest of all his disciples
to do so. Some monks wondered how it was possible to attain Awakenment
just after listening to a few words on the road. The Buddha then explained
by this verse that the number of words or the length of the speech does
not really matter if one's mind is really ready.
Word pronunciation:
sahassam
api
ce
gāthā
anatthapadasaṃhitā
atthapadasaṃhitā
atthapada
attha
saṃhitā
ekaṃ
gāthāpadaṃ
padaṃ
seyyo
yaṃ
sutvā
upasammati