Gāthā | Sentence Translation | Sentence Structure |
Vocabulary&Grammar | Commentary | Pronunciation |
You should be quick in doing good. One should restrain
mind from evil.
The mind of somebody, who is slow in doing good, delights
in evil.
abhittharetha kalyāṇe
pāpā
cittaṃ nivāraye
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V.act.
N.n. N.n. N.n.
V.act.opt.
2.Pl.opt. Loc.Sg.
Abl.Sg. Acc.Sg. 3.Sg.opt.
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List of Abbreviations
dandhaṃ hi
karoto puññaṃ
pāpasmiṃ ramatī
mano
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Adj.n. part. Adj.m.
N.n. N.n. V.act.in.
N.n.
Acc.Sg. | Gen.Sg.
Acc.Sg. Loc.Sg. 3.Sg.pres. Nom.Sg.
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abhittharetha, V.: make haste, be quick. It is probably a misspelling of abhittaretha (with the same meaning). It is derived from the verb root tar- (to make haste, to move quickly, to hurry) with the prefix abhi- (intensifying sense). 2.Pl.act.opt. = abhittharetha.
kalyāṇe: kalyāṇa-, Adj.: good, virtuous. As an N.n.: goodness, meritorious action. Loc.Sg. = kalyāṇe.
pāpā: pāpa-, N.n.: evil, wrong doing. Abl.Sg. = pāpā.
cittaṃ: citta-, N.n.: mind. Acc.Sg. = cittaṃ.
nivāraye, V.: to keep back, to restrain. The verb root is var- (to obstruct) with the prefix ni- (out, from). 3.Sg.act.caus.opt. = nivāraye.
dandhaṃ: dandha-, Adj.: slow. Acc.Sg.n. = dandhaṃ.
List of Abbreviations
hi, part.: indeed.
karoto: karont-, Adj.: doing. It is an a.pr.p. of the verb root kar- (to do). Gen.Sg.m. = karoto.
puññaṃ: puñña-, N.n.: good deed, meritorious deed, merit. Acc.Sg. = puññaṃ.
pāpasmiṃ: pāpa-, N.n.: see above. Loc.Sg. = pāpasmiṃ.
ramatī, V.: delights.
The verb root is ram- (to enjoy, to delight in).
3.Sg.act.in.pres. = ramati. The form ramatī
is sometimes used in poetry.
mano: mano-, N.n.: mind. Nom.Sg. = mano.
List of Abbreviations
This sentence consists of three syntactically
separate sentences. They are:
1) abhittharetha kalyāṇe
(you should be quick in doing good). The subject of this sentence is omitted.
The verb indicates the second person plural pronoun. The verb is abhittharetha
(you should be quick, 2nd person, plural, active, optative).
The object is the adjective/noun kalyāṇe
(in good [things], locative singular).
2) pāpā
cittaṃ nivāraye
(one should restrain mind from evil). Again, the subject is omitted, the
verb form implying the third person singular pronoun. The verb is nivāraye
(one should restrain, 3rd person, singular, active, optative).
The object is the noun cittaṃ (mind,
accusative singular) with its attributed, the noun pāpā
(from evil, ablative singular).
3) dandhaṃ
hi karoto puññaṃ
pāpasmiṃ ramatī
mano (the mind of somebody, who is slow in doing good, delights in
evil). The subject of this sentence is the noun mano (mind, nominative
singular). Its main attribute is the active present participle karoto
(of the one, who is doing, genitive singular). This word has an attribute,
the noun puññaṃ
(good [things], accusative singular) and it in turn has the adjective dandhaṃ
(slow, accusative singular) as an attribute. It is further stressed by
the particle hi (indeed) which here serves mainly metrical purposes.
The verb is ramatī (delights, 3rd
person, singular, active, indicative, present tense). The object is the
noun pāpasmiṃ
(in evil, locative singular).
In Sāvatthi
there lived a poor brahmin with his wife. They had only one piece of outer
garment, so only one of them could go out at one time. They were lay disciple
of the Buddha and wanted to hear as many of his discourses as possible.
So the brahmin would go to the monastery at night and his wife during the
day. Once the brahmin was listening to the Buddha and he felt very strong
wish to perform meritorious deeds. He wanted to offer his only piece of
cloth to the Buddha. But he realized that he and his wife would have nothing
to wear then. So his mind wavered and he hesitated. Finally during the
last hours of the night he offered his cloth to the Buddha, saying, "I
win!"
The king of Kosala, Pasenadi, was
also present, and when he heard the brahmin he sent messengers to ask why
he shouted, "I win!" When he learned the brahmin's story, he was very much
impressed and decided to give him a reward. He ordered the brahmin be offered
a new piece of cloth. The brahmin gave that piece also to the Buddha. The
king gave him two pieces of cloth, which were again offered to the Buddha.
Pasenadi again doubled the number of clothes; the brahmin again gave them
to the Buddha. So at the end the king gave him thirty-two pieces of cloth,
the brahmin kept one for himself, one for his wife, and remaining thirty
he again offered to the Buddha.
The king was so much impressed that
he decided to reward the brahmin further. He gave him two pieces of very
expensive velvet cloth. The brahmin made two canopies out of them, kept
one for himself and his wife and the second one he offered to the Buddha.
The king then saw the canopy in the monastery and realized that the brahmin
has done a meritorious deed again. So he decided to reward him even more.
Some monks wondered how it was possible
that in this case a good deed brings good results so quickly. The Buddha
replied, that had the brahmin offered his garment immediately when the
idea occurred to him, his reward would have been much greater. He then
added this verse, saying that if one wants to perform meritorious deeds,
one should do so quickly, without hesitation. If one thinks about it too
long, then maybe it becomes impossible to do anything at all, because the
mind delights in evil.
Word pronunciation:
abhittharetha
kalyāṇe
pāpā
cittaṃ
nivāraye
dandhaṃ
hi
karoto
puññaṃ
pāpasmiṃ
ramatī
mano