Gāthā | Sentence Translation | Sentence Structure |
Vocabulary&Grammar | Commentary | Pronunciation |
The evil is done by oneself, proceeding from oneself,
originating from oneself.
It crushes the fool, just like a diamond crushes a hard
gem.
attanā hi
kataṃ pāpaṃ
atta+jaṃ
atta+sambhavaṃ
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N.m. part. Adj.n.
N.n. N.m. Adj.n. N.m. Adj.n.
Ins.Sg. | Nom.Sg. Nom.Sg.
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List of Abbreviations
abhimatthati dummedhaṃ vajiraṃ
va asma+mayaṃ maṇiṃ
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V.act.in.
Adj.m. N.n.
part. N.n. Adj.m. N.m.
3.Sg.pres. Acc.Sg.
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Acc.Sg. Acc.Sg.
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attanā: attan-, N.m.: self. Ins.Sg. = attanā.
hi, part.: indeed.
kataṃ: kata-, Adj.: done. It is a p.p. of the verb kar- (to do). Nom.Sg.n. = kataṃ.
pāpaṃ: pāpa-, Adj.: evil, wrong. As an N.n.: evil, wrong doing. Nom.Sg. = pāpaṃ.
attajaṃ: attaja-,
Adj.: proceeding from oneself, born from oneself. It is a compound of:
atta-, N.m.: it is the compound
form of the word attan-, N.m.: see above.
-ja-, Adj.suf.: born, proceeding.
It is derived from the verb root jan- (to give birth, to produce).
Nom.Sg.n. = attajaṃ.
attasambhavaṃ: attasambhava-,
Adj.: originating from oneself. It is a compound of:
atta-, N.m.: it is the compound
form of the word attan-, N.m.: see above.
sambhava-, N.m.: origin, production.
It is derived from the verb root bhū-
(to be) with the prefix sam- (together).
Nom.Sg.n. = attasambhavaṃ.
List of Abbreviations
abhimatthati, V.: crushes, destroys. The verb root is math- (to upset, crush) with the prefix abhi- (over). 3.Sg.act.in.pres. = abhimatthati.
dummedhaṃ: dummedha-, Adj.: stupid. Derived from the word medhā-, N.f.: wisdom, intelligence, by adding the prefix du- (lacking something, away from). The double m is due to the euphonic combination (du- + medha- = dummedha-). Acc.Sg.m. = dummedhaṃ.
vajiraṃ: vajira-, N.n.: diamond. Nom.Sg. = vajiraṃ.
va, part.: as, like. 156
asmamayaṃ: asmamaya-,
Adj.: made of stone, hard. It is a compound of:
asman-, N.n.: stone. The compound
form: asma-.
maya-, adj.: made of, created
by, consisting of, produced by.
Acc.Sg.m. = asmamayaṃ.
Euphonic combination: va + asmamayaṃ
= v'asmamayaṃ.
maṇiṃ: maṇi-, N.m.: gem, crystal. Acc.Sg. = maṇiṃ.
List of Abbreviations
This verse consists of two syntactically
separate sentences. They are:
1) attanā
hi kataṃ pāpaṃ
attajaṃ attasambhavaṃ
(the evil is done by oneself, proceeding from oneself, originating from
oneself). The subject is the noun pāpaṃ
(evil, nominative singular). It has three attributes, the adjectives attajaṃ
(proceeding from oneself, nominative singular) and attasambhavaṃ
(originating from oneself, nominative singular). The third attribute is
the past participle kataṃ (done, nominative
singular) with the noun attanā (by
oneself, instrumental singular) as an attribute. The particle hi
(indeed) serves mainly form metrical purposes. The verb is omitted, implying
the verb "to be".
2) abhimatthati dummedhaṃ
vajiraṃ v'asmamayaṃ
maṇiṃ ([it]
crushes the fool, just like a diamond [crushes] a hard gem). The subject
is omitted; the word pāpaṃ
(evil) from the previous sentence is implied. The verb is abhimatthati
(crushes, 3rd person, singular, active, indicative, present
tense). The object is the adjective dummedhaṃ
(foolish one, accusative singular). There is a clause in this sentence,
vajiraṃ v'asmamayaṃ
maṇiṃ (just
like a diamond [crushes] a hard gem). Here, the subject is the noun vajiraṃ
(diamond, nominative singular). The verb is omitted; implying the verb
abhimatthati from the main sentence. The object is the noun maṇiṃ
(gem, accusative singular) with its attribute, the adjective compound asmamayaṃ
("stone-made", hard; accusative singular). The particle va (like,
as) connects the clause to the main sentence.
There was a lay disciple named Mahākāla.
Once he spent the night in the monastery, observing the eight precepts
and meditating. In the morning, on his way home, he stopped by a pond to
wash his face. On the same night some thieves broke into a house and were
chased by the owners. The thieves dropped their stolen things in front
of Mahākāla and
ran away. The owners mistook Mahākāla
for a thief and beat him up. Mahākāla
died of his injuries. Some monks discovered his body and reported the matter
to the Buddha.
The Buddha explained, that in one
of his previous lives, Mahākāla
fell in love with a certain woman and had beaten her husband to death.
He then added this verse, saying that one's own evil deeds surely come
back to their doer and fall back on his head.
Word pronunciation:
attanā
hi
kataṃ
pāpaṃ
attajaṃ
atta
jaṃ
attasambhavaṃ
sambhavaṃ
abhimatthati
dummedhaṃ
vajiraṃ
va
asmamayaṃ
asma
mayaṃ
maṇiṃ