Not speaking evil, not hurting, restraint in precepts,
moderation in food, solitary dwelling,
pursuing meditation - this is the teaching of the Buddhas.

anūpavādo anūpaghāto pātimokkhe   ca   saṃvaro
|                        |                |              |          |
N.m.              N.m.          N.n.       conj.    N.m.
Nom.Sg.      Nom.Sg.     Loc.Sg.        |     Nom.Sg.
|                        |                |________|______|
|                        |                       |____|
|_____________|_______________|__________________________________

List of Abbreviations

matta+ññutā    ca bhattasmiṃ pantaṃ     ca   sayana+āsanaṃ
|             |         |          |               |           |         |           |
N.f.     N.f.    conj.   N.n.        Adj.n.    conj.   N.n.     N.n.
|       Nom.Sg.   |     Loc.Sg.    Nom.Sg.    |         |      Nom.Sg.
|_______|          |         |               |           |         |______|
       |_________|_____|               |______|________|
                |____|                                    |____|
___________|________________________|___________________________

List of Abbreviations

adhicitte  ca    āyogo      etaṃ   buddhāna  sāsanaṃ
|               |         |              |            |               |
N.n.      conj.   N.m.     Pron.n.    N.m.        N.n.
Loc.Sg.    |     Nom.Sg. Nom.Sg. Gen.Pl.   Nom.Sg.
|________|_____|               |            |________|
         |___|                         |___________|
_______|                                      |
      |_________________________|

anūpavādo: anūpavāda-, N.m.: not blaming, not finding fault. It is the word upavāda-, N.m.: blaming, finding fault, speaking evil; with the negative prefix an-. It is derived from the verb root vad- (to speak) with the prefix upa- (on, onto). The long ū (an- + upavāda- = anūpavāda-) is due to metrical requirements. Nom.Sg. = anūpavādo.

anūpaghāto: anūpaghāta-, N.m.: not hurting, not killing. It is the word upaghāta-, N.m.: hurting, killing; with the negative prefix an-. It is derived from the verb root han- (to strike, to beat) with the prefix upa- (on, onto). The long ū (an- + upaghāta- = anūpaghāta-) is due to metrical requirements. Nom.Sg. = anūpaghāto.

pātimokkhe: pātimokkha-, N.n.: the collection of 227 basic precepts of the fully ordained Buddhist monk. Loc.Sg. = pātimokkhe.

ca, conj.: and.

saṃvaro: saṃvara-, N.m.: restraint. It is derived from the verb root var- (to cover) with the prefix saṃ- (together). Nom.Sg. = saṃvaro.

List of Abbreviations

mattaññutā: mattaññutā-, N.f.: moderation, knowing the measure. It is a compound of:
    mattā-, N.f.: measure, quantity. The compound form: matta-.
    -ñutā-, N.f.: knowing (derived from the verb ñā-, to know).
Euphonic combination: matta- + ñutā- = mattaññutā-.
Nom.Sg. = mattaññutā.

ca: see above.

bhattasmiṃ: bhatta-, N.n.: food, meal. Loc.Sg. = bhattasmiṃ.

pantaṃ: panta-, Adj.: lit. border, margin; distant, remote, solitary. Nom.Sg.n. = pantaṃ.

ca: see above.

sayanāsanaṃ: sayanāsana-, N.n.: dwelling, bed and seat. It is a compound of:
    sayana-, N.n.: bed, couch.
   āsana-, N.n.: seat, chair.
Nom.Sg. = sayanāsanaṃ.

List of Abbreviations

adhicitte: adhicitta-, N.n.: "higher mind", meditation. It is the word citta-, N.n.: mind, with the prefix adhi- (above, over). Loc.Sg. = adhicitte.

ca: see above.

āyogo: āyoga-, N.m.: devotion, pursuing. It is the word yoga-, N.m.: bond, connection, with the prefix ā- (towards, to). Nom.Sg. = āyogo.

etaṃ: etad-, Pron.: this. Neuter: etaṃ. Nom.Sg. = etaṃ.

buddhāna: buddha-, adj. or N.m.: awakened. It is a p.p. of the verb root budh- (to wake up). As a noun: a Buddha (Awakened being) or the Buddha (historical Buddha Shakyamuni). Gen.Pl. = buddhāna (instead of the more usual buddhānaṃ).

sāsanaṃ: sāsana-, N.n.: teaching. Derived from the verb sās- (to instruct, to teach).
Nom.Sg. = sāsanaṃ.

List of Abbreviations

    The subject of this sentence is the noun sāsanaṃ (teaching, nominative singular). It has an attribute, the noun buddhāna (of the Buddhas, genitive plural). The object is the pronoun etaṃ (this, nominative singular). The verb is omitted, implying the verb "to be".
    The object has six attributes:
    1) anūpavādo (not speaking evil, nominative singular).
    2) anūpaghāto (not hurting, nominative singular).
    3) saṃvaro (restraint, nominative singular) with its attribute, the noun pātimokkhe (in precepts, locative singular). This attribute is connected to the preceding ones by the conjunction ca (and).
    4) mattaññutā (moderation, knowing measure; nominative singular). This word has an attribute, the noun bhattasmiṃ (in food, locative singular). The conjunction ca (and) connects this attribute to the previous ones.
    5) sayanāsanaṃ (dwelling, bed and seat; nominative singular) with its attribute, the adjective pantaṃ (solitary, nominative singular). This attribute is connected to the preceding ones by the conjunction ca (and).
    6) āyogo (pursuit, devotion; nominative singular). It has an attribute, the noun adhicitte (to the higher mind, to meditation, locative singular). The conjunction ca (and) connects this attribute to the previous ones.

The story for this verse is identical with the one for the previous two verses (DhP 183, DhP 184). These three verses have been recited by the Buddhas of all times. It is a simple and basic summarization of most essential Buddhist teaching. Wanting little, content, not hurting others, moral life in seclusion and meditation in order to reach the highest goal, the Nirvana, complete freedom and emancipation of the mind.

Sentence pronunciation

Word pronunciation:

anūpavādo
anūpaghāto
pātimokkhe
ca
saṃvaro
mattaññutā
mattā
ñutā
bhattasmiṃ
pantaṃ
sayanāsanaṃ
sayana
āsanaṃ
adhicitte
āyogo
etaṃ
buddhāna
sāsanaṃ