| Gāthā | Sentence Translation | Sentence Structure |
| Vocabulary&Grammar | Commentary | Pronunciation |
Having drunk the nectar of solitude and the nectar of
tranquility,
one is free of fear and free of evil, drinking the nectar
of the joy of Dharma.
paviveka+rasaṃ pitvā
rasaṃ upasamassa ca
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N.m. N.m.
V.ger. N.m. N.m.
conj.
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Acc.Sg. | Acc.Sg.
Gen.Sg. |
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List of Abbreviations
niddaro hoti
nippāpo dhamma+pīti+rasaṃ
pivaṃ
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Adj.m. V.act.in. Adj.m.
N.m. N.f. N.m. Adj.m.
Nom.Sg. 3.Sg.act. Nom.Sg.
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pavivekarasaṃ: pavivekarasa-,
N.m.: the flavor of solitude. It is a compound of:
paviveka-, N.m.: solitude,
seclusion.
rasa-, N.m.: nectar, juice,
flavor, taste.
Acc.Sg. = pavivekarasaṃ.
pitvā, V.ger.: having drunk. The verb root is pā- (to drink). Ger. = pitvā.
rasaṃ: rasa-, N.m.: nectar, juice, flavor, taste. Acc.Sg. = rasaṃ.
upasamassa: upasama-, N.m.: calm, quiet, tranquility. It is derived from the verb root sam- (to be appeased) with the prefix upa- (towards, up). Gen.Sg. = upasamassa.
ca, conj.: and.
List of Abbreviations
niddaro: niddara-, Adj.: free from fear, free from pain. It is the word dara-, N.m.: fear, pain, with the prefix nir- (without). Nom.Sg.m. = niddaro.
hoti, V. is. The verb root is bhū- (to be). 3.Sg.act.in.pres. = bhavati or hoti.
nippāpo: nippāpa-, Adj.: free from evil. It is the word pāpa-, N.n.: evil, wrongdoing, with the prefix nir- (without). Nom.Sg.m. = nippāpo.
dhammapītirasaṃ:
dhammapītirasa-, N.m.: flavor of the
joy of Dharma. It is a compound of:
dhammapīti-,
N.f.: the joy of Dharma. This can be further analysed as:
dhamma-,
N.m.: Buddha's Teaching. The Law. Derived from the verb dha-, to
hold. Thus dhamma "holds the world together".
pīti-,
N.f.: joy, delight.
rasa-, N.m.: nectar, juice,
flavor, taste.
Acc.Sg. = dhammapītirasaṃ.
pivaṃ: pivant-, Adj.: drinking. It is an a.pr.p. of the verb root pā- (to drink). Nom.Sg.m. = pivaṃ.
List of Abbreviations
This verse consists of two connected
sentences. They are:
1) pavivekarasaṃ
pitvā rasaṃ upasamassa
ca (having drunk the nectar of solitude and the nectar of tranquility).
The subject is omitted; the verb from the second sentence (hoti)
implies the third person singular pronoun. The verb is in gerund, pitvā
(having drunk, gerund). There are two objects, the compound pavivekarasaṃ
(the nectar of solitude, accusative singular) and the noun rasaṃ
(nectar, accusative singular) with its attribute, the noun upasamassa
(of tranquility, genitive singular). Both objects are connected by the
conjunction ca (and).
2) niddaro hoti nippāpo
dhammapītirasaṃ
pivaṃ (one is free of fear and free of
evil, drinking the nectar of the joy of Dharma). The subject is the active
present participle pivaṃ (drinking,
nominative singular) with its attribute, the compound dhammapītirasaṃ
(the nectar of the joy of Dharma, accusative singular). The verb is hoti
(is, 3rd person, singular, active, indicative, present tense).
There are two objects, the adjectives niddaro (free of fear, nominative
singular) and nippāpo (free of evil,
nominative singular).
The Buddha announced that in four months
he would attain his final Parinirvana (death of a Buddha or any fully Awakened
person). Many monks who had not yet attained the Awakenment were sad and
depressed. They all came to the presence of the Buddha and paid him their
respects.
But Venerable Tissa decided that he
would pay the highest honor to the Buddha by attaining the Awakenment while
he was still alive. Therefore he went to the secluded place in the forest
and practiced meditation diligently.
Other monks did not understand his
intentions and reported to the Buddha that Tissa had no respect for him
and kept to himself instead of coming to pay his respects to the teacher.
The Buddha told them that Tissa was
striving to attain Awakenment before the teacher died and then explained
that this was the best way to honor the Buddha. The best salutation to
the Buddha is practicing the Dharma diligently. At the end, the Buddha
told the monks this verse.
Word pronunciation:
pavivekarasaṃ
paviveka
rasaṃ
pitvā
upasamassa
ca
niddaro
hoti
nippāpo
dhammapītirasaṃ
dhamma
pīti
pivaṃ