Gāthā Sentence Translation Sentence Structure
Vocabulary&Grammar Commentary Pronunciation
                          List of Abbreviations

yo pāṇam atipāteti musāvādaṃ ca bhāsati

loke adinnam ādiyati paradāraṃ ca gacchati

(DhP 246)




Sentence Translation:

Who kills living beings, speaks falsely,
takes whatever in the world is not given and goes to another's wife,
[continued in DhP 247]




Sentence Structure:
List of Abbreviations

yo               pāṇam  atipāteti    musā+vādaṃ   ca     bhāsati
|                      |             |             |          |         |            |
Rel.Pron.m.  N.m.  V.act.caus. Adv.    N.m.   conj.  V.act.in.
Nom.Sg.     Acc.Sg. 3.Sg.pres.     |     Acc.Sg.    |     3.Sg.pres.
|                      |_______|             |______|         |            |
|                             |                         |________|_______|
|                             |                                |____|
|                             |____________________|_______________________________
|__________________________|

List of Abbreviations

loke     adinnam   ādiyati    para+dāraṃ   ca    gacchati
|                 |             |           |         |         |           |
N.m.      Adj.n.  V.med.in. Adj.    N.f.   conj.  V.act.in.
Loc.Sg. Acc.Sg. 3.Sg.pres.    |    Acc.Sg.    |    3.Sg.pres.
|_________|              |           |_____|         |           |
       |_____________|                |________|______|
                    |                                    |___|
___________|______________________|




Vocabulary and Grammar:
List of Abbreviations

yo: yad-, Rel.Pron.: that which. Nom.Sg.m. = yo.

pāṇam: pāṇa-, N.m.: breath, life, living being. Acc.Sg. = pāṇam.

atipāteti, V.: destroys, kills. It is a causative of the verb root pat- (to fall) with the prefix ati- (on to). 3.Sg.act.caus.pres. = atipāteti.

musāvādaṃ: musāvāda-, N.m.: lying, lie. It is a compound of:
    musā, Adv.: falsely, wrongly.
    vāda-, N.m.: speaking, talk. It is derived from the verb root vad- (to speak).
Acc.Sg. = musāvādaṃ.

ca, conj.: and.

bhāsati, V.: speaks. The verb root is bhās-. 3.Sg.act.in.pres. = bhāsati.

List of Abbreviations

loke: loka-, N.m.: world. Loc.Sg. = loke.

adinnam: adinna-, Adj.: what is not given. It is the word dinna-, Adj.: given (it is a p.p. of the verb root dā-, to give) negated by the negative prefix a-. Acc.Sg.n. = adinnam.

ādiyati, V.: takes up, seizes, grasps. The verb root is dā- (to give) with the prefix ā- (towards). 3.Sg.med.in.pres. = ādiyati.

paradāraṃ: paradārā-, N.f.: other's wife. It is a compound of:
    para-, Adj.: different, other.
    dārā-, N.f.: wife.
Acc.Sg. = paradāraṃ.

ca: see above.

gacchati, V.: goes. The verb root is gam- (to go). 3.Sg.act.in.pres. = gacchati.

List of Abbreviations

    This verse consists of four sentences. They all have as a subject the relative pronoun yo (who, whoever, nominative singular):
    1) pāṇam atipāteti (kills living beings). The verb is atipāteti (kills, 3rd person, singular, active, causative, present tense). The object is the noun pāṇam (living being, accusative singular).
    2) musāvādaṃ ca bhāsati (speaks falsely). The verb is bhāsati (speaks, 3rd person, singular, active, indicative, present tense). The object is the compound musāvādaṃ (lie, accusative singular). The conjunction ca (and) connects this sentence to the other ones.
    3) loke adinnam ādiyati (takes whatever in the world is not given). The verb is ādiyati (takes, 3rd person, singular, medium, indicative, present tense). The object is the past participle adinnam (not given, accusative singular). It has an attribute, the noun loke (in the world, locative singular).
    4) paradāraṃ ca gacchati (goes to another's wife). The verb is gacchati (goes, 3rd person, singular, active, indicative, present tense). The object is the compound paradāraṃ (to another's wife, accusative singular). The conjunction ca (and) connects this sentence to the other ones.




Commentary:

    Not only monks stayed at the Jetavana monastery. Lay followers would also come to stay for a few days, observe precepts and meditate. Once five lay disciples observed one precept each. They all claimed that he was observing the most difficult precept. They argued for a long time and then reported the matter to the Buddha.
    The Buddha replied them with this verse (and the following ones, DhP 247 and DhP 248), saying that all the precepts are very difficult and all of them are equally important for a good life.




Sentence pronunciation:

Sentence pronunciation

Word pronunciation:

yo
pāṇam
atipāteti
musāvādaṃ
musā
vādaṃ
ca
bhāsati
loke
adinnam
ādiyati
paradāraṃ
para
dāraṃ
gacchati