Gāthā | Sentence Translation | Sentence Structure |
Vocabulary&Grammar | Commentary | Pronunciation |
There are no tracks in the sky. There is not a true monk
outside of this teaching.
There are no conditioned things that are eternal. There
is no instability in the Buddhas.
ākāse
padaṃ na
atthi samaṇo
na atthi bāhire
|
| |
|
| |
| |
N.m. N.n.
neg. V.act.in. N.m. neg.
V.act.in. Adv.
Loc.Sg. Nom.Sg. | 3.Sg.pres.
Nom.Sg. | 3.Sg.pres. |
|
| |______|
| |______|
|
|__________|________|
|
|_________|
|_____|
|______________|
List of Abbreviations
saṅkhārā
sassatā na
atthi na atthi buddhānam
iñjitaṃ
|
| |
| |
|
|
|
N.m. Adj.m.
neg. V.act.in. neg. V.act.in. N.m.
N.n.
Nom.Pl. Nom.Pl. | 3.Sg.pres.
| 3.Sg.pres. Gen.Pl. Nom.Sg.
|
| |______|
|______|
|
|
|
|________|
|
|________|
|_______________|
|_______________|
ākāse: ākāsa-, N.m.: air, sky, space. Loc.Sg. = ākāse.
padaṃ pada-, N.n.: track, path. Nom.Sg. = padaṃ.
na, neg.: not.
atthi, V.: is. The verb root is as- (to
be). 3.Sg.act.in.pres. = atthi.
Euphonic combination: na + atthi = natthi.
samaṇo:
samaṇa-, N.m.: a recluse, a wandering
ascetic, a monk (not only a Buddhist monk).
Nom.Sg. = samaṇo.
natthi: see above (na + atthi).
bāhire, Adv.: outside. It is the word bāhira-, Adj.: external. Loc.Sg. = bāhire. Here as an Adv.
List of Abbreviations
saṅkhārā: saṅkhāra-, N.m.: conditioned thing, world of phenomena. The meaning of this word is very wide, here we will use "conditioned thing". It comprises the entire world around us, including ourselves. Nom.Pl. = saṅkhārā.
sassatā: sassata-, Adj.: eternal, perpetual. Nom.Pl.m. = sassatā.
natthi: see above (na + atthi). We would expect the plural form here (na santi), but in order to maintain the pattern (four times natthi), the singular form is used instead.
buddhānam: buddha-, Adj.: awakened. It is a p.p. of the verb root budh- (to awaken). As an N.m.: Awakened One, Enlightened One, a being who has attained the Nirvana. Gen.Pl. = buddhānaṃ.
iñjitaṃ: iñjita-, Adj.: shaken, moved. It is a p.p. of the verb root iñj- (to shake). As an N.n.: shaking, movement, vacillation. Nom.Sg. = iñjitaṃ.
List of Abbreviations
This verse consists of four sentences.
They are:
1) ākāse
padaṃ natthi (there are no tracks in the
sky). The subject is the noun padaṃ
(track, nominative singular). The verb is atthi (is, 3rd
person, singular, active, indicative, present tense). It is negated by
the negative particle na (not). The verb has an attribute, the noun
ākāse
(in the sky, locative singular).
2) samaṇo
natthi bāhire (there is not a true monk
outside [of this teaching]). The subject is the noun samaṇo
(monk, nominative singular). The verb is atthi (is, 3rd
person, singular, active, indicative, present tense). It is negated by
the negative particle na (not). The verb has an attribute, the adverb
bāhire (outside).
3) saṅkhārā
sassatā natthi (there are no conditioned
things that are eternal). The subject is the noun saṅkhārā
(conditioned things, nominative plural). The verb is atthi (is,
3rd person, singular, active, indicative, present tense). It
is negated by the negative particle na (not). The object is the
adjective sassatā (eternal, nominative
plural).
4) natthi buddhānam
iñjitaṃ (there
is no instability in the Buddhas). The subject is the adjective/noun iñjitaṃ
(shaking, instability; nominative singular). It has an attribute, the noun
buddhānam (of the Buddhas, genitive
plural). The verb is atthi (is, 3rd person, singular,
active, indicative, present tense). It is negated by the negative particle
na (not).
The story for this verse is identical
with the one for the previous verse (DhP 254).
The Buddhas, Awakened Ones have no
"shaking". The meaning of this is that there is no instability, no wavering
or unsteadiness of their minds. They have reached the highest Awakenment
and their minds are truly firm and steady.
Word pronunciation:
ākāse
padaṃ
na
atthi
samaṇo
bāhire
saṅkhārā
sassatā
buddhānam
iñjitaṃ