Gāthā | Sentence Translation | Sentence Structure |
Vocabulary&Grammar | Commentary | Pronunciation |
One is not to be called a monk just because of his bald
head, if one is immoral and speaking lies.
How can someone who has desire and greed be called a
monk?
na muṇḍakena samaṇo
abbato alikaṃ bhaṇaṃ
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neg. Adj.
N.m. Adj.m. N.n.
Adj.m.
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Nom.Sg. Nom.Sg. Acc.Sg. Nom.Sg.
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List of Abbreviations
icchā+lobha+samāpanno
samaṇo kiṃ bhavissati
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N.f. N.m. Adj.m.
N.m. Adv. V.act.
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Nom.Sg. | 3.Sg.pres.
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na, neg.: not.
muṇḍakena: muṇḍaka-, Adj.: bald, shaven (head). Ins.Sg. = muṇḍakena.
samaṇo:
samaṇa-, N.m.: a recluse, a wandering
ascetic, a monk (not only a Buddhist monk).
Nom.Sg. = samaṇo.
abbato: abbata-, Adj.: immoral, breaking ethic precepts. It is derived from the word vata-, N.m.: religious duty, with the negative prefix a-. Nom.Sg.m. = abbato.
alikaṃ: alika-, N.n.: falsehood, lie. Acc.Sg. = alikaṃ.
bhaṇaṃ: bhaṇant-, Adj.: speaking. It is an a.pr.p. of the verb root bhaṇ-. Nom.Sg.m. = bhaṇaṃ.
List of Abbreviations
icchālobhasamāpanno:
icchālobhasamāpanna-,
Adj.: having desire and greed. It is a compound of:
icchā-,
N.f.: desire, longing.
lobha-, N.m.: greed.
samāpanna-,
Adj.: endowed with, possessed of. It is a p.p. of the verb pad-
(to go to, to fall to) preceded by the prefixes sam- (denoting "together"
or "completely") and ā- (towards).
Nom.Sg.m. = icchālobhasamāpanno.
samaṇo: see above.
kiṃ: kiṃ-, Inter.Pron.: who. Nom.Sg.n. = kiṃ. Here rather means "how" and should be taken as an adverb.
bhavissati, V.: will be. The verb root is bhū-. 3.Sg.act.fut. = bhavissati.
List of Abbreviations
This verse consists of two syntactically
separate sentences. They are:
1) na muṇḍakena
samaṇo abbato alikaṃ
bhaṇaṃ (one
is not to be called a monk just because of his bald head, if one is immoral
and speaking lies). The subject is the adjective abbato (immoral,
nominative singular). It has an attribute, the active present participle
bhaṇaṃ
(speaking, nominative singular) with its attribute, the noun alikaṃ
(lie, accusative singular). The verb is omitted, implying the verb "to
be". It is negated by the negative particle na (not). The verb has
an attribute, the adjective muṇḍakena
(by bald [head], instrumental singular). The object is the noun samaṇo
(monk, nominative singular).
2) icchālobhasamāpanno
samaṇo kiṃ bhavissati
(how can someone who has desire and greed be called a monk). The subject
is the compound icchālobhasamāpanno
(having desire and greed, nominative singular). The verb is bhavissati
(will be, 3rd person, singular, active, future). It is modified
by the interrogative pronoun kiṃ (how).
The object is the noun samaṇo (monk,
nominative singular).
There was a monk named Hatthaka. He
liked to argue with others. If he was defeated in an argument, he challenged
his opponent to meet again at a specified place and time. Hatthaka would
get to the place before the appointed time and would declare that the absence
of his opponent means he acknowledges his defeat. Therefore he would boast
he won the argument.
When the Buddha heard about this,
he admonished Hatthaka by this verse (and the following one, DhP 265).
Word pronunciation:
na
muṇḍakena
samaṇo
abbato
alikaṃ
bhaṇaṃ
icchālobhasamāpanno
icchā
lobha
samāpanno
kiṃ
bhavissati