Gāthā | Sentence Translation | Sentence Structure |
Vocabulary&Grammar | Commentary | Pronunciation |
You must make an effort. The Buddhas are only teachers.
Those, who meditating entered upon this path, will be
released from the bond of Mara.
tumhehi kiccam ātappaṃ
akkhātāro tathāgatā
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Pron. Adj.n.
N.n. N.m.
N.m.
Ins.Pl. Nom.Sg. Nom.Sg. Nom.Pl.
Nom.Pl.
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List of Abbreviations
paṭipannā
pamokkhanti jhāyino māra+bandhanā
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Adj.m.
V.pas. Adj.m. N.m.
N.n.
Nom.Pl. 3.Pl.fut.
Nom.Pl. | Abl.Sg.
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tumhehi: tvam-, Pron.: you. Ins.Pl. = tumhehi (by you).
kiccam: kicca-, Adj.: must be done, ought
to be done. It is a grd. of the verb kar- (to do).
Nom.Sg.n. = kiccam.
ātappaṃ: ātappa-, N.n.: exertion, effort. Nom.Sg. = ātappaṃ.
akkhātāro: akkhātar-, N.m.: speaker, one who proclaims. It is derived from the verb root kkhā- (to say, to tell) with the prefix ā- (towards). Nom.Pl. = akkhātāro.
tathāgatā:
tathāgata-, N.m.: an epithet of the
Buddha. Lit. "thus gone", one who has reached Awakenment in this way (that
is according to the Dharma). It is a compound of:
tathā,
Adv. thus, in such way.
gata-, Adj.: gone. It is a
p.p. of the verb gam- (to go).
Nom.Pl. = tathāgatā.
List of Abbreviations
paṭipannā: paṭipanna-, Adj.: entered upon, following, gone along. It is a p.p. of the verb root pad- (to go) with the prefix paṭi- (along, on). Nom.Pl.m. = paṭipannā.
pamokkhanti, V.: will be released. The verb root is muc- (to be freed), with the strengthening prefix pa-. 3.Pl.pas.fut. = pamokkhanti.
jhāyino: jhāyin-, Adj.m.: meditating. Derived from the verb jhe- (to meditate). Nom.Pl. = jhāyino.
mārabandhanā:
mārabandhana-, N.n: the bond of Mara.
A compound of:
māra-,
N.m.: Mara, the Evil One, Death.
bandhana-, N.n,: bond, fetter.
Derived from the verb bandh- (to bind, to fasten).
Abl.Sg. = mārabandhanā.
List of Abbreviations
This verse consists of three syntactically
separate sentences. They are:
1) tumhehi kiccam ātappaṃ
(you must make an effort). The subject is the noun ātappaṃ
(effort, nominative singular). The verb is in the gerundive (kiccam,
is to be done, nominative singular). It has an attribute, the pronoun tumhehi
(by you, instrumental plural).
2) akkhātāro
tathāgatā
(the Buddhas are only teachers). The subject is the noun tathāgatā
(the Buddhas, nominative plural). The verb is omitted, implying the verb
"to be". The object is the noun akkhātāro
(teachers, nominative plural).
3) paṭipannā
pamokkhanti jhāyino mārabandhanā
(those, who meditating entered upon this path, will be released from the
bond of Mara). The subject is the adjective jhāyino
(those who are meditating, nominative plural). It has an attribute, the
past participle paṭipannā
(having entered [upon the path], nominative plural). The verb is pamokkhanti
(will be freed, 3rd person, plural, passive, future). It has
an attribute, the compound mārabandhanā
(from the bond of Mara, ablative singular).
The story for this verse is identical
with the one for the previous verses (DhP 273, DhP 274 and DhP 275).
The Buddha found the way to make an
end to suffering. He taught it to us. But we have to make the effort. Nobody
will do it for us. We cannot wait for a teacher to pull us from the swamp
by some miracle. Only by diligent meditation and daily practice can we
be released from the bond of Mara, from the world of suffering.
Word pronunciation:
tumhehi
kiccam
ātappaṃ
akkhātāro
tathāgatā
tathā
gatā
paṭipannā
pamokkhanti
jhāyino
mārabandhanā
māra
bandhanā