| Gāthā | Sentence Translation | Sentence Structure |
| Vocabulary&Grammar | Commentary | Pronunciation |
Having killed mother, father and two warrior kings,
having killed the whole country with its followers, undisturbed
walks the holy man.
mātaraṃ
pitaraṃ hantvā
rājāno
dve ca khattiye
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N.f.
N.m. V.ger. N.m. Num.m. conj.
N.m.
Acc.Sg. Acc.Sg. |
Acc.Pl. Acc.Pl. |
Acc.Pl.
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List of Abbreviations
raṭṭhaṃ
sānucaraṃ hantvā
anīgho yāti
brāhmaṇo
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N.n. Adj.n.
V.ger. Adj.m. V.act.in. N.m.
Acc.Sg. Acc.Sg.
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mātaraṃ: mātar-, N.f.: mother. Acc.Sg. = mātaraṃ.
pitaraṃ pitar-, N.m.: father. Acc.Sg. = pitaraṃ.
hantvā, V.ger.: having killed. The verb root is han-.
rājāno: rājan-, N.m.: king. Acc.Pl. = rājāno.
dve: dvi-, Num.: two. Acc.Pl.m. = dve.
ca, conj.: and.
khattiye: khattiya-, N.m.: Kshatriya,
warior, ruler; the member of the Kshatriya clan.
Acc.Pl. = khattiye.
List of Abbreviations
raṭṭhaṃ: raṭṭha-, N.n.: country, kingdom. Acc.Sg. = raṭṭhaṃ.
sānucaraṃ: sānucara-, Adj.: together with followers. It is derived from the verb anucara-, N.m. (follower; it is derived form the verb root car-, to walk, with the prefix anu-, along, with) with the prefix sa- (with, together). Euphonic combination: sa- + anucara- = sānucara-. Acc.Sg.n. = sānucaraṃ.
hantvā: see above.
anīgho: anīgha-, Adj.: undisturbed, calm. The etymology of this word is doubtful. Probably it is derived from the verb root igh- (to tremble, to rage) with the negative prefix an-. Nom.Sg.m. = anīgho.
yāti, V.: goes, pursues. The verb root is yā- (to go). 3.Sg.in.act.pres. = yāti.
brāhmaṇo: brāhmaṇa-, N.m.: Brahmin, a holy man. Nom.Sg. = brāhmaṇo.
List of Abbreviations
The subject is the noun brāhmaṇo
(holy man, nominative singular). The verb is yāti
(goes, 3rd person, singular, active, indicative, present tense).
The object is the adjective anīgho
(undisturbed, nominative singular). There are two clauses dependent on
this main sentence:
1) mātaraṃ
pitaraṃ hantvā
rājāno dve ca
khattiye (having killed mother, father and two warrior kings). The
subject is omitted, implying the subject of the main sentence, the noun
brāhmaṇo.
The verb is in gerund, hantvā (having
killed). There are three objects, the nouns mātaraṃ
(mother, accusative singular), pitaraṃ
(father, accusative singular) and rājāno
(kings, accusative plural). This last word has two attributes, the noun
khattiye (warrior, accusative plural) and the numeral dve
(two, accusative plural). The conjunction ca (and) connects the
last object to the two preceding ones.
2) raṭṭhaṃ
sānucaraṃ hantvā
(having killed the whole country with its followers). The subject is omitted,
implying the subject of the main sentence, the noun brāhmaṇo.
The verb is in gerund, hantvā (having
killed). The object is the noun raṭṭhaṃ
(country, accusative singular). It has an attribute, the adjective sānucaraṃ
(with followers, accusative singular).
Once a group of monks visited the Buddha.
While they were paying their respects, the monk Lakunṭaka
Bhaddiya, who was an Arahant, passed by. The Buddha told the monks this
verse (and the following one, DhP 295). He told the monks to look at Lakunṭaka
Bhaddiya: he was a monk who has killed his parents, and kings, indeed the
whole country; and yet he was walking calmly, without remorse.
The monks could not understand what
the Buddha was talking about! Surely this Arahant had killed nobody! Then
the Buddha had to explain: "mother" means craving, "father" is conceit,
"two warrior kings" are views of eternalism and nihilism, "the country"
are sense-organs and sense-objects and the "followers" are attachment and
lust.
Word pronunciation:
mātaraṃ
pitaraṃ
hantvā
rājāno
dve
ca
khattiye
raṭṭhaṃ
sānucaraṃ
anīgho
yāti
brāhmaṇo