Gāthā | Sentence Translation | Sentence Structure |
Vocabulary&Grammar | Commentary | Pronunciation |
People experience joy that is flowing in from the senses
and is full of desires.
Those people attached to pleasure and desiring happiness,
will undergo birth and old age.
saritāni sinehitāni
ca somanassāni bhavanti jantuno
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Adj.n. Adj.n. conj.
N.n. V.act.in.
N.m.
Nom.Pl. Nom.Pl. |
Nom.Pl. 3.Pl.pres. Gen.Sg.
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List of Abbreviations
te
sāta+sitā
sukha+esino te
ve jāti+jarā+upagā
narā
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Pron.m. N.n. Adj.m. N.n. Adj.m. Pron.m. part.
N.f. N.f. Adj.m. N.m.
Nom.Pl. | Nom.Pl.
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saritāni:
sarita-, Adj. flowing, set into motion. It is a p.p. of the verb
root sar- (to flow).
Nom.Pl.n. = saritāni.
sinehitāni: sinehita-, Adj.: lustful, full of desire. It is a p.p. of the verb root sineh-, to lust, to desire. Nom.Pl.n. = sinehitāni.
ca, conj.: and.
somanassāni: somanassa-, N.n.: happiness, joy, delight. Nom.Pl. = somanassāni.
bhavanti, V.: are. The verb root is bhū- (to be). 3.Pl.act.in.pres. = bhavanti.
jantuno: jantu-, N.m.: being, person, man. Gen.Sg. = jantuno.
te: tat-, Pron.: that. Masculine form sa. Nom.Pl. = te.
List of Abbreviations
sātasitā:
sātasita-, Adj.: attached to pleasure.
It is a compound of:
sāta-,
N.n.: pleasure, joy.
sita-, Adj.: attached to, clinging
to. It is a p.p. of the verb root si- (to lay)
Nom.Pl. = sātasitā.
sukhesino: sukhesin-, Adj.: desiring happiness.
It is a compound of:
sukha-, N.n.: happiness.
esin-, Adj.: seeking, wishing,
desiring. It is an a.pr.p. of the verb root is- (to desire, to want).
Euphonic combination: sukha- + esin- =
sukhesin-.
Nom.Pl.m. = sukhesino.
List of Abbreviations
te: see above.
ve, part.: indeed.
jātijarūpagā:
jātijarūpaga-,
Adj.: undergoing birth and old age. It is a compound of:
jāti-,
N.f.: birth, rebirth.
jarā-,
N.f.: old age.
upaga-, Adj.: experiencing,
coming to, undergoing. It is derived from the verb root gam- (to
go) with the prefix upa- (near, close).
Euphonic combination: jarā-
+ upaga- = jarūpaga-.
Nom.Pl.m. = jātijarūpagā.
narā: nara-, N.m.: man, person. Nom.Pl. = narā.
List of Abbreviations
This verse consists of two syntactically
separate sentences. They are:
1) saritāni
sinehitāni ca somanassāni
bhavanti jantuno (people experience joy that is flowing in from the
senses and is full of desires). The subject is the noun somanassāni
(joys, nominative plural). It has two attributes, the adjectives saritāni
(flowing, nominative plural) and sinehitāni
(full of desires, nominative plural). They are connected by the conjunction
ca (and). The verb is bhavanti (are, 3rd person,
plural, active, indicative, present tense). The object is the noun jantuno
(of a person, genitive singular).
2) te sātasitā
sukhesino te ve jātijarūpagā
narā (those people attached to pleasure
and desiring happiness, will undergo birth and old age). The subject is
the noun narā (people, nominative plural).
It has three attributes: a) the pronoun te (they, nominative plural),
b) the compound sātasitā
(attached to pleasure, nominative plural), c) the compound sukhesino
(desiring happiness, nominative plural) and d) the second pronoun te
(they, nominative plural). This last word is stressed by the particle ve
(indeed). The verb is omitted, implying the verb "to be". The object is
the compound jātijarūpagā
(undergoing birth and old age, nominative plural).
The story for this verse is identical
with the one for the three previous verses (DhP 338, Dhp 339 and Dhp 340)
and for the two following verses (DhP 342 and DhP 343).
Our senses bring in all kinds of data.
We are attached to the pleasures coming from these senses. Because of that,
we create positive and negative karma and this karma will come into fruition
in the future as more births and deaths for us. The solution is to cut
off the attachment to this pleasure and with equanimity concentrate on
the highest goal, the Awakenment.
Word pronunciation:
saritāni
sinehitāni
ca
somanassāni
bhavanti
jantuno
te
sātasitā
sāta
sitā
sukhesino
sukha
esino
ve
jātijarūpagā
jāti
jarā
upagā
narā