| Gāthā | Sentence Translation | Sentence Structure |
| Vocabulary&Grammar | Commentary | Pronunciation |
If one who is without thirst, free of attachments and
skilled in the language of the scriptures
should know the arrangement of the texts in the right
sequence,
he then is known as a great person of great wisdom, living
his last life.
vīta+taṇho
anādāno nirutti+pada+kovido
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Adj. Adj.m. Adj.m. N.f.
N.n. Adj.m.
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List of Abbreviations
akkharānaṃ
sannipātaṃ jaññā
pubba+aparāni ca
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N.n.
N.m. V.act. Adj.
Adj.n. conj.
Gen.Pl.
Acc.Sg. 3.Sg.opt. |
Acc.Pl. |
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List of Abbreviations
sa
ve antima+sarīro mahā+pañño
mahā+puriso
ti vuccati
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Pron.m. part. Adj. Adj.m. Adj. Adj.m.
Adj. Adj.m. part. V.pas.in.
Nom.Sg. |
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3.Sg.pres.
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vītataṇho:
vītataṇha-,
Adj.: without thirst. Lit. "with the thirst gone". It is a compound of:
vīta-,
Adj.: gone. It is a p.p. of the verb i- (to go) with the prefix
vi- (away).
taṇhā-,
N.f.: thirst, craving.
Nom.Sg.m. = vītataṇho.
anādāno: anādāna-, Adj.: free from attachment. It is the word ādāna-, N.n.: attachment, clinging (this word is derived from the verb dā-, to give with the prefix ā-, towards; the meaning of the verb is "to take, to grasp") negated by the negative prefix an-. Nom.Sg.m. = anādāno.
niruttipadakovido: niruttipadakovida-, Adj.:
skilled in the language of the scriptures. It is a compound of:
nirutti-, N.f.: grammar, etymology,
pronunciation.
pada-, N.n.: saying, word,
verse.
kovida-, Adj.: knowing, possessing
the "know-how". It is derived from the word ku, Adv. (how) and the
verb root vid- (to know).
Nom.Sg.m. = niruttipadakovido.
List of Abbreviations
akkharānaṃ: akkhara-, N.n.: sound, tone, word. Gen.Pl. = akkharānaṃ.
sannipātaṃ: sannipāta-, N.m. union, assemblage, collocation. It is derived from the verb root pat- (to fall) with the prefixes sam- (together) and ni- (down). Acc.Sg. = sannipātaṃ.
jaññā, V.: should know. The verb root is ñā- (to know). 3.Sg.act.opt. = jaññā.
pubbāparāni:
pubbāpara-, Adj.: in the right order,
what precedes and what follows (with regard to successive order of words
in the Scriptures). It is a compound of:
pubba-, Adj.: previous, former.
apara-, Adj.: following, next,
another.
Euphonic combination: pubba- + apara- =
pubbāpara-.
Acc.Pl.n. = pubbāparāni.
List of Abbreviations
ca, conj.: and.
sa: tad-, Pron.n.: it. Nom.Sg.m. = sa (the more usual form is so).
ve, part.: indeed.
antimasarīro:
antimasarīra-, Adj.: living his last
life, having a last body. It is a compound of:
antima-, Adj.: last, final.
sarīra-,
N.n.: body, here: life.
Nom.Sg.m. = antimasarīro.
List of Abbreviations
mahāpañño:
mahāpañña-,
Adj.: with great wisdom. It is a compound of:
mahant-, Adj.: big, great.
The compound form is mahā-.
paññā-,
N.f.: wisdom
Nom.Sg.m. = mahāpañño.
mahāpuriso:
mahāpurisa-, N.m.: a great person,
hero. It is a compound of:
mahant-, Adj.: see above.
purisa-, N.m.: person.
Nom.Sg. = mahāpuriso.
ti, part.: a particle, symbolizing the end of direct speech. In English this is expressed by quotation marks. Sometimes it is written as iti.
vuccati, V,: is called. It is a passive form of the verb root vac- (to say). 3.Sg.pas.in.pres. = vuccati.
List of Abbreviations
This verse consists of two syntactically
related sentences. They are:
1) vītataṇho
anādāno niruttipadakovido
akkharānaṃ sannipātaṃ
jaññā pubbāparāni
ca (if one who is without thirst, free of attachments and skilled in
the language of the scriptures should know the arrangement of the texts
in the right sequence). There are three subjects, the adjectives vītataṇho
(without thirst, nominative singular), anādāno
(free of attachments, nominative singular) and niruttipadakovido
(skilled in the language of the scriptures, nominative singular). The verb
is jaññā (should know, 3rd
person, singular, active, optative). There are two objects, the noun sannipātaṃ
(arrangement, accusative singular) with its attribute, the noun akkharānaṃ
(of words, genitive plural) and the adjective compound pubbāparāni
(in the right order, accusative plural). They are connected by the conjunction
ca (and).
2) sa ve antimasarīro
mahāpañño mahāpuriso
ti vuccati (he then is known as a great person of great wisdom, living
his last life). The subject is the pronoun sa (he, nominative singular).
It is stressed by the particle ve (indeed). The verb is vuccati
(is called, 3rd person, singular, passive, indicative, present
tense). There are three objects, the compounds antimasarīro
(living his last life, nominative singular), mahāpañño
(of great wisdom, nominative singular) and mahāpuriso
(great person, nominative singular). The particle ti (marks the
direct speech) connects them to the verb.
The story for this verse is identical
with the one for the previous verse (DhP 351).
At the time of the Buddha, the sacred
texts of various religions were not supposed to be written down. It was
considered a kind of sacrilege to do that. Writing was reserved only for
worldly matters. Therefore it was crucial that the texts were always remembered
correctly and without alteration, in order to protect the true words of
the teacher without his disciples changing the meaning.
Word pronunciation:
vītataṇho
vīta
taṇho
anādāno
niruttipadakovido
nirutti
pada
kovido
akkharānaṃ
sannipātaṃ
jaññā
pubbāparāni
pubba
aparāni
ca
sa
ve
antimasarīro
antima
sarīro
mahāpañño
mahā
pañño
mahāpuriso
puriso
ti
vuccati