For whom there does not exist the opposite shore, this shore nor both shores,
who is fearless and detached - him do I call a Brahmin.

yassa            pāraṃ    apāraṃ   vā    pārā+apāraṃ    na      vijjati
|                        |             |          |        |           |          |           |
Rel.Pron.m.    N.n.       N.n.    conj.  N.n.     N.n.     neg.  V.pas.in.
Gen.Sg.       Nom.Sg. Nom.Sg.    |       |      Nom.Sg.    |    3.Sg.pres.
|                        |             |          |       |_______|          |______|
|                        |_______|______|_______|                       |
|                                           |___|                                    |
|                                              |______________________|
|____________________________________|
                            |_________________________________________________

List of Abbreviations

vīta+ddaraṃ visaṃyuttaṃ tam      ahaṃ       brūmi   brāhmaṇaṃ
|            |                |            |            |               |              |
Adj.  Adj.m.      Adj.m.  Pron.m.   Pron.      V.act.in.    N.m.
|       Acc.Sg.    Acc.Sg.   Acc.Sg. Nom.Sg.  1.Sg.pres. Acc.Sg.
|_______|               |             |            |               |              |
       |____________|             |            |               |              |
                   |_____________|            |               |              |
                                |_____________|________|________|
                                                        |       |____|
                                                        |______|
___________________________________|

yassa: yat-, Rel.Pron.: that, which. Gen.Sg.m. = yassa (whose).

pāraṃ: pāra-, N.n.: the opposite shore, the other side. Nom.Sg. = pāraṃ.

apāraṃ: apāra-, N.n.: this shore, this side. It is the word pāra-, N.n. (see above) negated by the negative prefix a-. Nom.Sg. = apāraṃ.

vā, conj.: or.

pārāpāraṃ: pārāpāra-, N.n.: both this shore and the opposite shore. It is a compound of:
    pāra-, N.n.: the opposite shore, the other side.
    apāra-, N.n.: see above.
Euphonic combination: pāra- + apāra- = pārāpāra-.
Nom.Sg. = pārāpāraṃ.

na, neg.: not.

vijjati, V.: exists, is found. The verb root is vid- (to find). 3.Sg.pas.in.pres. = vijjati.

List of Abbreviations

vītaddaraṃ: vītaddara-, Adj.: fearless, whose fear is gone. It is a compound of:
    vīta-, Adj.: gone. It is a p.p. of the verb i- (to go) with the prefix vi- (away).
    dara-, N.m.: fear, pain.
Euphonic combination: vīta- + dara- = vītaddara-.
Acc.Sg. = vītaddaraṃ.

visaṃyuttaṃ: visaṃyutta-, Adj.: unattached, detached. It is the word saṃyutta-, Adj. (this is a p.p. of the verb root yuj-, to bind, with the prefix saṃ-, together) with the prefix vi- (away, without).
Acc.Sg.m. = visaṃyuttaṃ.

tam: tad-, Pron.: it. Masculine form: so-, he. Acc.Sg. = tam (him).

ahaṃ, Pron.: I. Nom.Sg. = ahaṃ.

brūmi, V.: [I] say, proclaim. The verb root is brū-. 1.Sg.act.in.pres. = brūmi.

brāhmaṇaṃ: brāhmaṇa-, N.m.: Brahmin, a holy man. Acc.Sg. = brāhmaṇaṃ.

List of Abbreviations

    This verse consists of two syntactically related sentences. They are:
    1) yassa pāraṃ apāraṃ vā pārāpāraṃ na vijjati (for whom there does not exist the opposite shore, this shore nor both shores). There are three subjects in this sentence, the nouns pāraṃ (the opposite shore, nominative singular), apāraṃ (this shore, nominative singular) and pārāpāraṃ (the opposite shore and this shore, nominative singular). They are connected by the conjunction vā (or). The verb is vijjati (exists, 3^rd person, singular, passive, indicative, present tense). It is negated by the negative particle na (not). The sentence is introduced by the relative pronoun yassa (whose, genitive singular), which connects it to the following sentence.
    2) vītaddaraṃ visaṃyuttaṃ tam ahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇaṃ (fearless and detached - him do I call a Brahmin). The subject is the pronoun ahaṃ (I, nominative singular). The verb is brūmi ([I] say, 1^st person, singular, active, indicative, present tense). The object is the noun brāhmaṇaṃ (Brahmin, accusative singular). It has three attributes, the pronoun tam (him, accusative singular), the compound vītaddaraṃ (fearless, accusative singular) and the past participle visaṃyutaṃ (detached, accusative singular).

    Māra once approached the Buddha and asked him what does the word pāra (the other shore) mean. The Buddha knew that it was Māra and replied with this verse, saying that the other shore is the Nirvana, which only the Arahants can reach.

Sentence pronunciation

Word pronunciation:

yassa
pāraṃ
apāraṃ
vā
pārāpāraṃ
pāra
na
vijjati
vītaddaraṃ
vīta
daraṃ
visaṃyuttaṃ
tam
ahaṃ
brūmi
brāhmaṇaṃ