This research aims to discuss how Master Sheng-Yen understands, thinks and claims about the theory of human nature. After Buddhism came into China, it has an important influence on issues about traditional human nature theory. However, references to related literature show that there is little result of human nature theory following Buddhism's thoughts. Master Sheng-Yen, as one of leaders of contemporary Buddhism, has innovative thoughts for contemporization and humanization of Buddhism thoughts. Unique viewpoints toward the theory of human nature are proposed. However, further exploration and clarification are needed for a part of the viewpoints. Main problematic awareness for this research is “the claims for human nature theory by Master Sheng-Yen”. Following philosophical hermeneutics, this research goes further to argue for interpretation Master Sheng-Yen gives for human nature theory from Xunzi and Mengzi, possible meanings of “Treatise on the Way to Attain Deliverance Between Good and Evil” from Sheng-Yen. Based on the knowledge we have toward human nature theory from Master Sheng-Yen, we try to comment and develop related inspirations. First, Master Sheng-Yen points out that the argument of traditional Confucianism remains as what goes through the current academic world. Insufficient and biased parts are included in the theories of Xunzi and Mengzi. Secondly, the nature and core of Treatise on the Way to Attain Deliverance Between Good and Evil is formed according to Buddhism, the origin of original goodness of human nature can be ensured on the basis of Buddha-nature, and remote cause of original evilness of human nature according to ignorance (Avidyā). Third, after the induction of related thoughts and claims, we find out that Three-Nature-Layer Theory is constructed based on the theory of human nature proposed by Master Sheng-Yen, including Buddhadhatu Theories. Buddhadhatu Theory guides nature to find its goodness, and Buddhadhatu Existence Theory. For its context of thoughts, human nature theory by Master Sheng-Yen tends to have arguments of original goodness of human nature. Following the guidance of Buddhism, we find out that human nature possibly develops goodness after education. Theory of human nature proposed by Master Sheng-Yen can actually connect to the thought contexts of Buddha discipline (vinaya) and pure land on Earth. The final goal is awakening. Nirvana and Buddhahood have been attained.
