「八不」與「延異」：龍樹《中論》與雅克‧德希達解構主義語言 哲學觀的比較研究="Eight No" and Différance: A Comparative Study of the Language Philosophy of Nāgārjuna’s Mūlamadhyamakakārikā and Jacque Derrida’s Deconstructionism
龍樹是印度佛教哲學家，其《中論》提出「八不」緣起與二諦思想語言哲學觀，宣稱諸 法實相不落入語言的有無。西哲德希達（ Jacque Derrida 1930-2004）解構主義提出「延異」 différance）觀點，其鬆開、拆解「語音中心」與「邏格斯」所引發二元對立結構封閉系統。本論文擬以文獻分析法與比較研究，分析龍樹《中論》的「八不」緣起、二究，分析龍樹《中論》的「八不」緣起、二諦說、假名說，如何以遮遣，遍破說、假名說，如何以遮遣，遍破一切，亦注重方便權巧，不執著但善用語言，同時爬梳與比較德希達解構主義如何從語言文字入手，顛覆西方傳統形而上學。本文結論將提出東方古佛教論典與西方現代哲思觀點在語言本質論述的相似與差異性。 Nāgārjuna’s work: Mūlamadhyamakakārikā embodies the discourses of "emptiness" in which all dharmas are empty. Mūlamadhyamakakārikā explains all dramas with pratītya-samutpāda has no self-nature. As an Indian Buddhist philosopher, Nāgārjuna puts forward the famous "Eight No" and two truths in the philosophy of language. He believes that the reality of the dharmas does not fall into any claim of existence. The “Phonocentrism” in the west emphasizes that speakers can convey definite meanings in language. With “Phonocentrism” and “Logocentrism” arising, dualistic thinking is derived. Jacque Derrida’s (1930-2004) establish deconstructionism in the twentieth century. His theory: différance serves as the core conception of deconstructionism in against “Logocentrism.” Derrida's Deconstructionism loosens, dismantles, and disturbs the dual opposition structural closed system by Phonocentrism and “logos.” I intend to use textual analysis to sort out and interpret Nāgārjuna’s Mūlamadhyamakakārikā and examine how his theories of “Eight No”, Two Truths, and prajñapti can be applied in the way of negation to reveal the reality. This paper also makes comparative research on Nāgārjuna’s Mūlamadhyamakakārikā with Derrida's deconstructionist philosophy of language. The results of this research paper will reflect the similarities and differences in the understanding and applications of language between ancient Eastern religious teachings and modern Western philosophy.
