《雜阿含經》第98、265經與對應巴利語經注之研究——兼論其環境譬喻=A Study of the Saṃyukta-āgama Discourses 98 and 265 with Parallel Pāli Aṭṭhakathā --with Special Focus on the Similes of Environment
The Saṃyukta-āgama Discourses 98 and 265 emphasize environmental similes to discuss dharma and ideas. The object of Discourse 98 is the brahmin Kasi Bhāradvāja, and this occasion according to Spk was not an ordinary work day but a special festival. At the food distribution, the brahmin criticizes the Buddha for living as a parasite. The Buddha rejects this charge, declaring that he does in fact plow and sow. Scholars or researchers stress that the Buddha uses the terminology of agriculture to describe his process of spiritual training as “farming heart field.” This thesis attempts to understand the ideas implied in the farming method by the Blessed One's use of environment similes from Aṭṭhakathā. About the Discourse 265, according to Spk, the Blessed One sat down by the bank of the Ganges. He saw a great lump of foam coming downstream and thought, “I will give a Dhamma talk relating to the five aggregates.” Then he addressed the bhikkhus sitting around him. With its striking similes for the empty, insubstantial nature of the aggregates, especially the similes of the mirage and the magical illusion, later Buddhist thinkers focus on the empty nature of conditioned phenomena. This thesis tries to study the ideas implied in a lump of foam (pheṇapiṇḍa), a bubble (bubbuḷa), a mirage (marīcikā), a plantain trunk (kadalikkhandha) from Aṭṭhakathā to understand the environmental thoughts expounded by the Blessed One. First of all, proofread and annotate the Saṃyukta-āgama Discourses 98 and 265 with the corresponding counterparts in the parallel Pāli Saṃyutta Nikāya, and different versions of ancient Chinese translations. Then, proofread and annotate Aṭṭhakathā with Chaṭṭha Saṅgāyana Tipiṭaka Version 4.0, Pali Text Society and Saṃyutta Nikāya-ṭīkā. Translate Aṭṭhakathā into Chinese and analysize the interpretation. By the environment similes, maybe we can come to a conclusion that one of the environmental thoughts in primitive Buddhism is to focus on "wisdom" and "insubstantial."
